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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 2
6
, 2021
Registration
Statement No. 333-        
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
Form S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
 
 
BETTER THERAPEUTICS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
 
 
Delaware
 
2834
 
85-3472546
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
548 Market Street, #49404
San Francisco, CA 94104
(415) 887-2311
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
 
 
Kevin J. Appelbaum
Chief Executive Officer
548 Market Street, #49404
San Francisco, CA 94104
(415) 887-2311
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
 
 
Copies to:
Arthur R. McGivern, Esq.
Heidi Mayon, Esq.
Shoaib A. Ghias, Esq.
Goodwin Procter LLP
100 Northern Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
Tel:
(617) 570-1000
 
 
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public
: From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box:  ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large, accelerated filer, an accelerated filer,
a non-accelerated filer,
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large, accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in
Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act.
 
Large, accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
       
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
       
         Emerging growth company  
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  
 
 
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
 
 
Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered
 
Amount
to be
Registered
 
Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
Per Share
 
Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price
 
Amount of
Registration Fee
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
 
20,406,908
(1)
 
$6.818
(2)
 
$139,124,095.29
 
$12,896.80
 
 
(1)
Consists of shares of common stock registered for sale by the selling stockholders named in this Registration Statement.
(2)
Pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act, and solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, the proposed maximum offering price per share is the average of the high and low prices of shares of the Registrant’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) on November 23, 2021, such date being within five business days of the date that this Registration Statement was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
 
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the SEC, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
 
 
 

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Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the SEC. These securities may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes effective. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.
 
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 2
6
, 2021
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
 
 
Up to 20,406,908 Shares of Common Stock
 
 
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale, from time to time, by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus (the “Selling Stockholders”), or any of their pledgees, donees, assignees and
successors-in-interest
(“permitted transferees”), of (i) up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock that were issued to certain investors (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”) in a private placement in connection with the closing of the Business Combination (as defined below), and (ii) up to an aggregate of 15,406,908 shares of our common stock otherwise held by the Selling Stockholders. This prospectus also covers any additional securities that may become issuable by reason of share splits, share dividends or other similar transactions.
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to this prospectus. However, we will pay the expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions and certain expenses incurred by the Selling Stockholders in disposing of the securities, associated with the sale of securities pursuant to this prospectus.
We are registering the offer and sale of the securities described above to satisfy certain registration rights we have granted. Our registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean that either we or the Selling Stockholders will issue, offer or sell, as applicable, any of the securities. The Selling Stockholders and any of their permitted transferees may offer and sell the securities covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. Additional information on the Selling Stockholders, and the times and manner in which they may offer and sell the securities under this prospectus, is provided under “
Selling Stockholders
” and “
Plan of Distribution
” in this prospectus.
You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before you invest in our securities.
Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BTTX”. On November 24, 2021, the closing price of our common stock was $7.68 per share.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is defined under the federal securities laws and, as such, are subject to certain reduced public company reporting requirements.
 
 
Investing in our securities involves risks that are described in the “
” section beginning on page 11 of this prospectus.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued under this prospectus or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is                      , 2021.

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INTRODUCTORY NOTE AND FREQUENTLY USED TERMS
On October 28, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Mountain Crest Acquisition Corp II, a Delaware corporation (“MCAD”), consummated the previously announced business combination (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 6, 2021, as amended (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among MCAD, MCAD Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of MCAD (“Merger Sub”), and Better Therapeutics OpCo, Inc., f/k/a Better Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“BTXO”).
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, (i) MCAD changed its name to “Better Therapeutics, Inc.” (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “BTX” or the “Combined Entity”) and (ii) Merger Sub merged with and into BTXO (the “Merger”), with BTXO as the surviving company in the Merger and, after giving effect to such Merger, BTXO becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of BTX.
In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”) by virtue of the Business Combination, each BTX share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time was canceled and automatically converted into the right to receive, without interest, approximately 0.9475 (the “Exchange Ratio”) shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock” or “common stock”), and (ii) at the Effective Time, all options of BTX that were outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time were assumed by MCAD and automatically converted based upon the Exchange Ratio into options to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “Assumed Options”), and all awards of BTX restricted stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time were assumed by MCAD and automatically converted into an award of restricted Common Stock.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “BTX”, the “Company”, “us”, “we”, “our” and any related terms prior to the closing of the Business Combination are intended to mean BTXO, and after the closing of the Business Combination, Better Therapeutics, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
In addition, in this document, unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, references to:
 
 
 
“MCAD” are to Mountain Crest Acquisition Corp. II, a Delaware corporation, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination;
 
 
 
“Business Combination” or “Transactions” are to the Merger and other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, collectively, including the PIPE Financing;
 
 
 
“Bylaws” are to
the By-laws of
BTX;
 
 
 
“Certificate of Incorporation” are to the Certificate of Incorporation of BTX;
 
 
 
“Closing” are to the closing of the Business Combination;
 
 
 
“Closing Date” are to October 28, 2021;
 
 
 
“IPO” or “initial public offering” are to MCAD’s initial public offering that was consummated on January 12, 2021;
 
 
 
“Governing Documents” are to the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws;
 
 
 
“BTX Board” are to the board of directors of BTX;
 
 
 
“BTX Common Stock” or “BTX common stock” are to the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of BTXO prior to the consummation of the Business Combination;
 
 
 
“PIPE Financing” are to the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreements, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors collectively subscribed for an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $50,000,000;
 
 
 
“Subscription Agreements” are to the subscription agreements, entered into by MCAD and each of the PIPE Investors in connection with the PIPE Financing; and
 
 
 
“units” are to the units of MCAD consisting of one share of Common Stock and one right to receive
one-tenth (1/10)
of a share.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. The Selling Stockholders and their permitted transferees may use this prospectus for the resale of (i) up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock that were issued to the PIPE Investors in a private placement in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, and (ii) up to an aggregate of 15,406,908 shares of our common stock otherwise held by the Selling Stockholders. The Selling Stockholders and their permitted transferees may use this prospectus to sell such shares from time to time in one or more offerings through any means described in the section entitled “
Plan of Distribution
.” More specific terms of any securities that the Selling Stockholders and their permitted transferees offer and sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the common stock being offered and the terms of the offering.
A prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, post-effective amendment or any related free writing prospectus. See “
Where You Can Find More Information.
Neither we nor the Selling Stockholders have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we have prepared. We and the Selling Stockholders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
For investors outside the United States: neither we nor the Selling Stockholders have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “
Where You Can Find More Information
.”
 
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This prospectus contains references to trademarks, trade names and service marks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus may appear without the 
®
 or TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that the applicable licensor will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its rights to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.
 
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that is important to you in making an investment decision. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included elsewhere in this prospectus. Before making your investment decision with respect to our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the information under “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” and the financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
The U.S. spends approximately $4 trillion per year on healthcare. About 90% of that spending is for the treatment of chronic diseases. The majority of chronic diseases are caused predominantly by behaviors, including cardiometabolic diseases, or CMDx, such as diabetes and heart disease. The root causes of CMDx are often behaviors relating to diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors, yet current treatments are focused on reducing the effects of those diseases rather than addressing the root causes.
BTX is developing a platform of
FDA-regulated,
software-based, prescription digital therapeutics, or PDT, candidates for treating diabetes, heart disease, and other cardiometabolic conditions subject to FDA market authorization. Our PDTs are designed to deliver a novel form of cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, to promote changes in neural pathways of the brain through the process called neuroplasticity so that lasting changes in behavior can become possible. We believe that addressing the underlying causes of these diseases has the potential to dramatically improve patient health while lowering healthcare costs.
Our lead product candidate for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes,
BT-001,
has completed enrollment in what we have designed to be a potentially pivotal study. If successful, the study could support a regulatory submission for marketing authorization from the FDA. We expect primary endpoint readout in the first quarter of 2022, and expect to apply for FDA authorization of this product in mid 2022. This regulatory submission is intended to enable the FDA to evaluate whether the safety and effectiveness of
BT-001
is sufficient to support a treatment claim of improving blood glycemic index control after 90 days of use. The unique characteristics of prescription digital therapeutics and CMDx may make it possible for us to launch multiple products now in development for the treatment of other CMDx over the next few years.
Founded in 2015, our company is led by executives that have track records of building multi-billion-dollar businesses and extensive industry experience in developing compelling software products and developing and commercializing therapeutics. In multiple peer-reviewed journals, we have published clinical data demonstrating the clinical potential of our developmental product candidates. We have also conducted primary market research into the potential for widespread reimbursement coverage of our lead product candidate by representative payer groups and believe widespread reimbursement coverage can be established subject to FDA market authorization. We intend to set pricing for
BT-001
at a moderate discount to branded, oral glycemic control medications in order to gain maximum reimbursement coverage.
We plan to build a fully integrated PDT company focused on treating the root causes of CMDx. Our therapeutics are intended to fill a known gap in the treatment of CMDx and integrate within the existing healthcare system. We expect primary care providers to prescribe our therapeutics and insurers to reimburse them much like they would a drug, and for the patient to remain in the care of their provider while using them.
 
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Essential elements of our value proposition to our stakeholders include:
 
   
The ability to treat the root causes of CMDx
. We believe we can reframe the dynamic of intervention around type 2 diabetes care away from the expectation of inevitable decline, to halt its progression and for many patients reverse the disease altogether.
 
   
Regulatory and platform leverage
. We estimate that 20 or more CMDx share essentially the same root causes our platform is designed to address. The regulatory pathway for PDTs is much faster than for traditional therapeutics. Every patient we treat with any of our product candidates generates data that we can use to improve our platform algorithms. The exponential rate at which our patient data will increase, especially if we are able to obtain FDA marketing authorization and commercialize
BT-001,
and our ability to continuously improve future products based on this data will make it increasingly challenging, we believe, for followers to offer products comparable in quality to ours.
 
   
First-mover advantage
. We estimate we have a
two-to-three-year
lead over potential competitors in bringing to market an
FDA-regulated
PDT for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Our Pipeline
The following table summarizes our current portfolio of product candidates. This table does not include two additional preclinical programs with disease-modifying potential that have not yet been disclosed.
 
BTX expects to rapidly develop and, if approved, commercialize multiple product candidates. BTX’s clinical development and regulatory strategy prospectively offer a tempo of related, high-value product launches that, if approved, will be differentiated from a traditional molecular therapeutics company. Unlike traditional therapeutics that require discrete and sequential phase I, II, and III trials, followed by a lengthy regulatory review process, BTX expects that BTX’s PDTs will require a single potentially pivotal trial to generate the data required for submission to the FDA. BTX believes its potentially pivotal trials can be conducted at a fraction of the cost and time of a new drug trial, and what BTX believes to be, an expedited FDA review process.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Smaller Reporting Company
We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). As such, we are eligible for and intend to take
 
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advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, including (i) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) the exemptions from
say-on-pay,
say-on-frequency and
say-on-golden
parachute voting requirements and (iii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of MCAD’s initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which would occur if the market value of our common equity held
by non-affiliates exceeds
$700.0 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter; or (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion
in non-convertible debt
securities during the prior three-year period.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we may adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required
for non-public companies
instead of the dates required for other public companies.
Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of
Regulation S-K.
Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our ordinary shares held by
non-affiliates
exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30, or (ii) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our ordinary shares held by
non-affiliates
exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30.
Risks Associated with Our Business
Our business is subject to numerous material and other risks that you should be aware of before making an investment decision. These risks are described more fully in the section entitled “
Risk Factors
.” These risks include, among others:
 
   
BTX is a clinical-stage digital therapeutics company with a limited operating history.
 
   
BTX has no products approved for commercial sale and has not generated any revenue from product sales to date, nor does it expect to generate any revenue from product sales for the next few years, if ever.
 
   
BTX’s ability to become and remain profitable depends on its ability to get insurance reimbursement coverage for its products, generate revenue and/or execute other business development arrangements.
 
   
BTX’s operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. BTX expects to continue to spend substantial amounts to continue the clinical and preclinical development of BTX’s product candidates, including its program for its leading product candidate
BT-001.
 
   
Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, we became a public company, and are now subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, and other applicable securities rules and regulations.
 
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BTX’s business is highly dependent on the success of BTX’s product candidates. If BTX is unable to successfully complete clinical development, obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize one or more of BTX’s product candidates, or if BTX experiences delays in doing so, its business will be materially harmed.
 
   
The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time-consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if BTX is ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for BTX’s product candidates, its business will be substantially harmed.
 
   
Business interruptions resulting from
the COVID-19 outbreak
or similar public health crises could cause a disruption of the development of BTX’s product candidates and adversely impact BTX’s business.
 
   
BTX may incur unexpected costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of BTX’s product candidates.
Corporate Information
The mailing address for our principal executive office is 548 Market Street, #49404, San Francisco, CA 94104, and our telephone number is
(415) 887-2311. Our
website address is http://www.bettertx.com. The information contained in or accessible from our website is not incorporated into this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference.
 
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THE OFFERING
The following summary of the offering contains basic information about the offering and our common stock and is not intended to be complete. It does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For a more complete understanding of our common stock, please refer to the section titled “Description of Capital Stock.”
This prospectus also relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the Selling Stockholders, or their permitted transferees, of (i) up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock that were issued to the PIPE Investors in a private placement in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, and (ii) up to an aggregate of 15,406,908 shares of our common stock otherwise held by the Selling Stockholders.
 
Shares that may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholders named herein
Up to an aggregate of 20,406,908 shares of common stock.
 
Common stock outstanding
23,599,718 shares of common stock as of October 29, 2021.
 
Use of proceeds
All of the shares of common stock offered by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Stockholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales.
 
Market for our common stock
Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “BTTX”.
 
Risk factors
Any investment in the common stock offered hereby is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth under “
Risk Factors
” elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.
The forward-looking statements are based on the current expectations of the Company and its management of and are inherently subject to uncertainties and changes in circumstances and their potential effects and speak only as of the date of such statement. There can be no assurance that future developments will be those that have been anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
 
   
the Company’s limited operating history and significant financial losses since inception;
 
   
the Company’s lack of revenue and profitability;
 
   
the Company’s need for additional funding;
 
   
the Company’s dependence on its lead product
candidate, BT-001;
 
   
the Company’s ability to achieve and maintain market acceptance of its products;
 
   
the Company’s risks related to its prescription digital therapeutics, such as the willingness of the FDA to approve PDTs and insurance companies to reimburse their use;
 
   
the success, cost and timing of our product development activities and clinical trials, including statements regarding our plans for clinical development of our product candidates and the initiation and completion of any other clinical trials and related preparatory work and the expected timing of the availability of results of the clinical trials;
 
   
the period over which we anticipate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements;
 
   
our expectations regarding its ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates and the duration of such protection;
 
   
the rate and degree of market acceptance of our product candidates, if approved;
 
   
the impact of laws and regulations;
 
   
our ability to attract and retain key scientific, medical, commercial or management personnel;
 
   
our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;
 
   
the effect
of COVID-19 on
the foregoing;
 
   
our financial performance; and
 
   
other risks detailed under the section entitled “
Risk Factors
.”
The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a
 
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number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading “
Risk Factors.
” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Some of these risks and uncertainties may in the future be amplified by
the COVID-19 outbreak
and there may be additional risks that we consider immaterial or which are unknown. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
 
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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA AND FORECASTS
We obtained the industry and market data used throughout this prospectus from our own internal estimates and research, as well as from independent market research, industry and general publications and surveys, governmental agencies, publicly available information and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Internal estimates are derived from publicly available information released by industry analysts and third-party sources, our internal research and our industry experience, and are based on assumptions made by us based on such data and our knowledge of our industry and market, which we believe to be reasonable. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which this data is derived. In addition, while we believe the industry and market data included in this prospectus is reliable and based on reasonable assumptions, such data involve material risks and other uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in the section entitled “
Risk Factors
.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties or by us.
 
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RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors will apply to our business and operations. These risk factors are not exhaustive and investors are encouraged to perform their own investigation with respect to the business, prospects, financial condition and operating results of BTX and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included in this registration statement, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” We may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, which may also impair our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the financial statements of BTX and notes to the financial statements included herein.
Risks Related to BTX’s Business
BTX is a clinical-stage digital therapeutics company with a limited operating history and BTX has incurred significant financial losses since its inception. BTX anticipates that it will continue to incur significant financial losses for the foreseeable future.
BTX is a clinical-stage digital therapeutics company with a limited operating history. BTX was formed in December 2015 and its operations to date have been limited. BTX has not yet demonstrated an ability to generate revenues, obtain regulatory approvals, manufacture any product on a commercial scale or arrange for a third party to do so on BTX’s behalf, or conduct sales and marketing activities necessary for successful product commercialization.
BTX has no products approved for commercial sale and has not generated any revenue from product sales to date, nor does it expect to generate any revenue from product sales for the next few years, if ever. BTX will continue to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to its preclinical and clinical development and ongoing operations. As a result, BTX is not profitable and has incurred losses in each period since its inception. Net losses and negative cash flows have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on BTX stockholders’ equity and working capital. BTX’s net loss was $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, BTX had an accumulated deficit of $31.4 million. BTX expects to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and it expects these losses to increase as BTX continues its research and development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, BTX’s product candidates.
BTX anticipates that its expenses will increase substantially if, and as, it:
 
   
advances its lead product candidate
BT-001
through clinical development;
 
   
advances its pilot stage product candidates into clinical development;
 
   
seeks to identify, acquire and develop additional product candidates, including through business development efforts to invest in or
in-license
other technologies or product candidates;
 
   
hires additional clinical, quality control, medical, scientific and other technical personnel to support its clinical operations;
 
   
expands its operational, financial and management systems and increases personnel to support its operations;
 
   
meets the requirements and demands of being a public company;
 
   
maintains, expands and protects its intellectual property portfolio;
 
   
seeks regulatory approvals for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials; and
 
   
undertakes any
pre-commercialization
activities to establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for any product candidates for which it may receive regulatory approval.
 
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Digital therapeutic product development entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that any potential product candidate will fail to demonstrate adequate efficacy, gain regulatory approval, secure market access and reimbursement and become commercially viable and therefore any investment in BTX is highly speculative. Additionally, BTX’s expenses could increase beyond its expectations if it is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, or other regulatory authorities to perform clinical trials in addition to those that BTX currently expects, or if there are any delays in establishing appropriate arrangements for or in completing its clinical trials or the development of any of BTX’s product candidates.
You should consider BTX’s prospects, factoring in the costs, uncertainties, delays and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in clinical development, especially clinical-stage digital therapeutics companies such as BTX. Any predictions you make about BTX’s future success or viability may not be as accurate as they would otherwise be if BTX had a longer operating history or a history of successfully developing and commercializing digital therapeutics products. BTX may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known or unknown factors in achieving its business objectives.
BTX has never generated revenue from product sales and may never be profitable.
BTX’s ability to become and remain profitable depends on its ability to generate revenue or execute other business development arrangements. BTX does not expect to generate significant revenue, if any, unless and until BTX is able to obtain regulatory approval for, and successfully commercialize the product candidates BTX is developing or may develop. Successful commercialization will require achievement of many key milestones, including demonstrating safety and efficacy in clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approval for these product candidates, developing, marketing and selling those products for which BTX may obtain regulatory approval, satisfying any post-marketing requirements and obtaining reimbursement for its products from private insurance or government payers. Because of the uncertainties and risks associated with these activities, BTX is unable to accurately and precisely predict the timing and amount of revenues, the extent of any further losses or if or when BTX might achieve profitability. BTX may never succeed in these activities and, even if BTX does, BTX may never generate revenues that are significant enough for BTX to achieve profitability. Even if BTX does achieve profitability, it may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
BTX’s failure to become and remain profitable may depress the market price of its common stock and could impair its ability to raise capital, expand its business, diversify its product offerings or continue its operations. If BTX continues to suffer losses as it has since inception, investors may not receive any return on their investment and may lose their entire investment.
BTX will need substantial additional funding, and if it is unable to raise capital when needed, BTX could be forced to delay, reduce or terminate its product discovery and development programs or commercialization efforts.
BTX’s operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. BTX expects to continue to spend substantial amounts to continue the clinical and preclinical development of BTX’s product candidates, including its program for its leading product candidate
BT-001.
BTX will need to raise additional capital to complete its currently planned clinical trials and any future clinical trials. Other unanticipated costs may arise in the course of its development efforts. If BTX is able to gain marketing approval for product candidates that it develops, BTX will require significant additional amounts of funding in order to launch and commercialize such product candidates. BTX cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development and commercialization of any product candidate it develops and BTX may need substantial additional funding to complete the development and commercialization of BTX’s product candidates.
BTX’s future need for additional funding depends on many factors, including:
 
   
the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing its current product candidates, as well as other additional product candidates BTX may develop and pursue in the future;
 
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the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining marketing approvals for BTX’s product candidates and any other additional product candidates BTX may develop and pursue in the future;
 
   
the number of future product candidates that BTX may pursue and their development requirements;
 
   
the costs of commercialization activities for BTX’s product candidate, including the costs and timing of establishing product sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities;
 
   
subject to receipt of regulatory approval, revenue, if any, received from commercial sales of BTX’s product candidates;
 
   
the extent to which BTX
in-licenses
or acquires rights to other products, product candidates or technologies;
 
   
its headcount growth and associated costs as BTX expands its research and development and establish a commercial infrastructure;
 
   
the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and protecting its intellectual property rights, including enforcing and defending intellectual property related claims; and
 
   
the costs of operating as a public company.
BTX cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If BTX is unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to BTX, BTX may have to significantly delay, reduce or terminate its product development programs or plans for commercialization.
BTX believes that it will be able to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2023. BTX’s estimate may prove to be wrong, and BTX could use its available capital resources sooner than BTX currently expects. Further, changing circumstances, some of which may be beyond its control, could cause BTX to consume capital significantly faster than BTX currently anticipates, and BTX may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned.
Due to the significant resources required for the development of BTX’s pipeline, and depending on its ability to access capital, BTX must prioritize the development of certain product candidates over others. BTX may fail to expend its limited resources on product candidates or indications that may have been more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.
BTX currently has one clinical-stage product candidate as well as several other product candidates that are at various earlier stages of development. BTX seeks to maintain a process of prioritization and resource allocation to maintain an optimal balance between aggressively pursuing its more advanced clinical-stage product candidate,
BT-001,
and ensuring the development of additional potential product candidates. Due to the significant resources required for the development of BTX’s product candidates, BTX must decide which product candidates to pursue and advance and the amount of resources to allocate to each.
BTX’s decisions concerning the allocation of research, development, collaboration, management and financial resources toward particular product candidates or therapeutic areas may not lead to the development of any viable commercial products and may divert resources away from better opportunities. If BTX makes incorrect determinations regarding the viability or market potential of any of BTX’s product candidates or misread trends in the pharmaceutical industry, in particular for cardiometabolic disorders, its business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. As a result, BTX may fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities, be required to forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or other diseases and disease pathways that may later prove to have greater commercial potential than those BTX chooses to pursue, or relinquish valuable rights to such product candidates through collaboration, licensing, or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it
 
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would have been advantageous for BTX to invest additional resources to retain sole development and commercialization rights.
Raising additional capital may cause dilution to BTX stockholders, restrict its operations or require BTX to relinquish rights to its technologies or product candidates.
BTX expects its expenses to increase in connection with its planned operations. Unless and until BTX can generate a substantial amount of revenue from BTX’s product candidates, BTX expects to finance its future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, licensing arrangements or other sources, or any combination of the foregoing. In addition, BTX may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations, even if BTX believes that BTX has sufficient funds for its current or future operating plans.
To the extent that BTX raises additional capital through the sale of common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities, your ownership interest may be diluted, and the terms of these securities could include liquidation or other preferences and anti-dilution protections that could adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. In addition, debt financing, if available, may result in fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that include restrictive covenants that limit its ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, creating liens, redeeming stock or declaring dividends, that could adversely impact its ability to conduct its business. In addition, securing financing could require a substantial amount of time and attention from its management and may divert a disproportionate amount of their attention away from
day-to-day
activities, which may adversely affect its management’s ability to oversee the development of BTX’s product candidates.
If BTX raises additional capital through collaborations or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, BTX may have to relinquish valuable rights to its technologies, future revenue streams or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to BTX. If BTX is unable to raise additional capital when needed, BTX may be required to delay, reduce or terminate its product discovery and development programs or commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that BTX would otherwise prefer to develop and market itself.
The amount of BTX’s future losses is uncertain and BTX’s quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly or fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, each of which may cause its stock price to fluctuate or decline.
BTX’s quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of its control and may be difficult to predict, including the following:
 
   
the timing and success or failure of clinical trials for BTX’s product candidates or competing product candidates, or any other change in the competitive landscape of its industry, including consolidation among its competitors or partners or as a result of
COVID-19;
 
   
its ability to successfully recruit and retain subjects for clinical trials, and any delays caused by difficulties in such efforts, including as a result of
COVID-19;
 
   
its ability to obtain marketing approval for BTX’s product candidates and the timing and scope of any such approvals BTX may receive;
 
   
the timing and cost of, and level of investment in, research and development activities relating to BTX’s product candidates, which may change from time to time;
 
   
its ability to attract, hire and retain qualified personnel;
 
   
expenditures that BTX will or may incur to develop additional product candidates;
 
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the level of demand for its product candidates should they receive approval, which may vary significantly;
 
   
the risk/benefit profile, cost and reimbursement policies with respect to BTX’s product candidates, if approved, and existing and potential future therapeutics that compete with BTX’s product candidates;
 
   
the changing and volatile U.S. and global economic environments; and
 
   
future accounting pronouncements or changes in its accounting policies.
The cumulative effects of these factors could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in its quarterly and annual operating results. As a result, comparing its operating results on a
period-to-period
basis may not be meaningful. This variability and unpredictability could also result in its failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If its operating results or revenue fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts BTX may provide to the market, or if the forecasts BTX provides to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of its common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when BTX has met any previously publicly stated guidance BTX may provide.
BTX’s business is highly dependent on the success of BTX’s its lead product candidate,
BT-001.
If BTX is unable to successfully complete clinical development, obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize
BT-001,
or if BTX experiences delays in doing so, its business will be materially harmed.
To date, BTX as an organization have not completed any clinical trials or development of any product candidates. BTX’s future success and ability to generate revenue from its lead product candidates, is dependent on its ability to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize
BT-001.
BTX completed enrollment in its potentially pivotal clinical trial for
BT-001
in November 2021. If
BT-001
encounters efficacy problems, development delays or regulatory issues or other problems, the development plans for our other product candidates and business would be materially harmed.
BTX may not have the financial resources to continue development of its product candidates if
BT-001
experiences any issues that delay or prevent regulatory approval of, or its ability to commercialize,
BT-001,
including:
 
   
its inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that
BT-001
is safe and effective;
 
   
insufficiency of its financial and other resources to complete the necessary clinical trials and preclinical studies;
 
   
negative or inconclusive results from its clinical trials, preclinical studies or the clinical trials of others for product candidates similar to BTX’s, leading to a decision or requirement to conduct additional clinical trials or preclinical studies or abandon a program;
 
   
product-related adverse events experienced by subjects in its clinical trials, including unexpected results, or by individuals using products similar to
BT-001;
 
   
delays in enrolling subjects in clinical trials;
 
   
high
drop-out
rates of subjects from clinical trials;
 
   
poor effectiveness of
BT-001
during clinical trials;
 
   
greater than anticipated clinical trial or manufacturing costs;
 
   
delays in submitting a de novo application, or comparable foreign applications or delays or failure in obtaining the necessary approvals from regulators to commence a clinical trial or a suspension or termination, or hold, of a clinical trial once commenced;
 
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conditions imposed by the FDA, the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, or comparable foreign regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of its clinical trials;
 
   
delays and changes in regulatory requirements, policy and guidelines, including the imposition of additional regulatory oversight around clinical testing generally or with respect to its therapies in particular; or
 
   
varying interpretations of data by the FDA, EMA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities.
The failure of BTX’s products, if approved, to achieve and maintain market acceptance would cause our business, financial condition and results of operation to be materially and adversely affected.
Our current business strategy is highly dependent on BTX’s products achieving and thereafter FDA approval and maintaining market acceptance. Market acceptance and adoption of BTX’s products depends on educating people with cardiometabolic conditions, as well as payers, health plans and government entities, as to the distinct features, clinical impact, cost savings, and other benefits of BTX’s products. If BTX is not successful in demonstrating to physicians who treat potential patients the benefits of BTX’s products, if approved, or if we are not able to achieve the support of insurance carriers for BTX’s products, our business, financial condition and results of operation would be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, BTX’s products may be perceived by patients and healthcare providers to be more complicated or less effective than traditional approaches, and people may be unwilling to change their current health regimens. Moreover, we believe that healthcare providers tend to be slow to change their medical treatment practices because of perceived liability risks arising from the use of new products and the uncertainty of third-party reimbursement. Accordingly, healthcare providers may not recommend BTX’s products until there is sufficient evidence to convince them to alter their current approach.
Competitive products may reduce or eliminate the commercial opportunity for BTX’s product candidates, if approved. If its competitors develop technologies or product candidates more rapidly than BTX does, or their technologies or product candidates are more effective or safer than BTX’s, its ability to develop and successfully commercialize BTX’s product candidates may be adversely affected.
The clinical and commercial landscapes for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases are highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. BTX faces competition with respect to its indications for BTX’s product candidates from major pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and potentially other technology companies. There are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell drugs or are pursuing the development of drug candidates for the treatment of the indications that BTX is pursuing.
Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for research, development, manufacturing and commercialization. In addition, technology companies are increasingly exploring digital product to manage and treat cardiometabolic diseases that could compete with BTX’s product candidates, if approved.
BTX’s competitors may have significantly greater financial resources, established presence in the market, expertise in research and development, manufacturing, preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and reimbursement and marketing approved products than BTX does. Accordingly, its competitors may be more successful than BTX may be in obtaining regulatory approval for therapies and achieving widespread market acceptance. BTX’s competitors’ products may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any product candidate BTX may commercialize and may render its therapies obsolete or
non-competitive
before BTX can recover development and commercialization expenses. If any of BTX’s product candidates, including
BT-001,
is approved, it could compete with a range of therapeutic treatments that are in development.
 
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If BTX obtains approval for any of BTX’s product candidates, BTX may face competition based on many different factors, including the efficacy, safety and tolerability of its products, the ease with which its products can be administered, the timing and scope of regulatory approvals for these products, the availability and cost of manufacturing, marketing and sales capabilities, price, reimbursement coverage and patent position. Existing and future competing products could present superior treatment alternatives, including being more effective, safer, less expensive or marketed and sold more effectively than any product BTX may develop. Competitive products may make any product BTX develops obsolete or noncompetitive before it recovers the expense of developing and commercializing BTX’s product candidates. Such competitors could also recruit its employees, which could negatively impact BTX’s level of expertise and its ability to execute its business plan.
In addition, BTX’s competitors may obtain patent protection or FDA approval and commercialize products more rapidly than BTX does, which may impact future approvals or sales of any of BTX’s product candidates that receive regulatory approval. If the FDA approves the commercial sale of any of BTX’s product candidates, BTX will also be competing with respect to marketing capabilities and manufacturing efficiency. BTX expects competition among products will be based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope of regulatory approvals, marketing and sales capabilities, product price, reimbursement coverage by government and private third-party payers, regulatory exclusivities and patent position. BTX’s profitability and financial position will suffer if BTX’s product candidates receive regulatory approval but cannot compete effectively in the marketplace.
Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of its competitors. Smaller and other early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly as the develop disruptive therapies through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These third parties compete with BTX in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel and establishing clinical trial sites, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, its programs.
Acquisitions and investments could result in operating difficulties, dilution and other harmful consequences that may adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may in the future make acquisitions to add complementary companies, products, technologies, or revenue. These transactions could be material to our results of operations and financial condition. We may also evaluate and enter into discussions regarding a wide array of potential strategic transactions. The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time-consuming and costly, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. The process of integrating an acquired company, business or technology may create unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. The areas where we face risks include:
 
   
loss of key employees of the acquired company and other challenges associated with integrating new employees into our culture, as well as reputational harm if integration is not successful;
 
   
diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to addressing acquisition integration challenges;
 
   
implementation or remediation of controls, procedures, and policies at the acquired company;
 
   
difficulties in integrating and managing the combined operations, technologies, technology platforms and products of the acquired companies and realizing the anticipated economic, operational and other benefits in a timely manner, which could result in substantial costs and delays or other operational, technical or financial problems;
 
   
integration of the acquired company’s accounting, human resource and other administrative systems, and coordination of products, engineering and sales and marketing function;
 
   
assumption of contractual obligations that contain terms that are not beneficial to us, require us to license or waive intellectual property rights, or increase our risk for liabilities;
 
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failure to successfully further develop the acquired technology or realize our intended business strategy;
 
   
uncertainty of entry into markets in which we have limited or no prior experience or in which competitors have stronger market positions;
 
   
unanticipated costs associated with pursuing acquisitions;
 
   
failure to find commercial success with the products or services of the acquired company;
 
   
difficulty of transitioning the acquired technology onto our existing platforms and maintaining the security standards for such technology consistent with our other products;
 
   
failure to successfully onboard patients or maintain brand quality of acquired companies;
 
   
responsibility for the liabilities of acquired businesses, including those that were not disclosed to us or exceed our estimates, as well as, without limitation, liabilities arising out of their failure to maintain effective data protection and privacy controls and comply with applicable regulations;
 
   
inability to maintain our internal standards, controls, procedures, and policies;
 
   
failure to generate the expected financial results related to an acquisition on a timely manner or at all;
 
   
difficulties in complying with antitrust and other government regulations;
 
   
challenges in integrating and auditing the financial statements of acquired companies that have not historically prepared financial statements in accordance with GAAP;
 
   
potential accounting charges to the extent intangibles recorded in connection with an acquisition, such as goodwill, trademarks, patient relationships or intellectual property, are later determined to be impaired and written down in value; and
 
   
failure to accurately forecast the impact of an acquisition transaction.
Future acquisitions could also result in expenditures of significant cash, dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, restrictions on our business, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses or write-offs of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition. In addition, any acquisitions we announce could be viewed negatively by patients.
Additionally, competition within our industry for acquisitions of business, technologies and assets may become intense. Even if we are able to identify an acquisition that we would like to consummate, we may not be able to complete the acquisition on commercially reasonable terms or the target may be acquired by another company. We may enter into negotiations for acquisitions that are not ultimately consummated.
Those negotiations could result in diversion of management time and significant
out-of-pocket
costs. If we fail to evaluate and execute acquisitions successfully, we may not be able to realize the benefits of these acquisitions, and our operating results could be harmed. If we are unable to successfully address any of these risks, our business, financial condition or operating results could be harmed.
If BTX is unable to develop its sales, marketing and distribution capability on its own or through collaborations with marketing partners, it will not be successful in commercializing BTX’s product candidates, if approved.
BTX currently has no marketing, sales or distribution capabilities. BTX intends to establish a sales and marketing organization, to commercialize its product candidates, if approved. These efforts will require substantial additional resources, some or all of which may be incurred in advance of any approval of the product candidate. Any failure or delay in the development of BTX’s sales, marketing and distribution capabilities would adversely impact the commercialization of its product candidates, if approved.
 
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Factors that may inhibit BTX’s efforts to commercialize BTX’s product candidates, if approved, include:
 
   
its inability to recruit and retain adequate numbers of effective sales and marketing personnel;
 
   
the inability of sales personnel to obtain access to or persuade adequate numbers of physicians to prescribe its products, if approved;
 
   
the lack of complementary products to be offered by sales personnel, which may put BTX at a competitive disadvantage relative to companies with more extensive product lines; and
 
   
unforeseen costs and expenses associated with creating an independent sales and marketing organization.
With respect to its existing and future product candidates, BTX may choose to collaborate with third parties that have direct sales forces and established distribution systems to serve as an alternative to its own sales force and distribution systems. BTX’s future product revenue may be lower than if it directly marketed or sold BTX’s product candidates, if approved. In addition, any revenue BTX receives will depend in whole or in part upon the efforts of these third parties, which may not be successful and are generally not within its control. If BTX is not successful in commercializing any approved products, its future product revenue will suffer and BTX may incur significant additional losses.
If we are unable to achieve widespread acceptance of BTX’s products, if approved, our revenue growth could be slower than we expect, and our business may be adversely affected.
We expect to generate revenue from physicians prescription of BTX’s products, if approved, for patients. As a result, widespread acceptance, prescription and use of our products, if approved, is critical to our future growth and success. If the market fails to grow or grows more slowly than we currently anticipate, demand for BTX’s products, if approved, could be negatively affected and our revenue may grow more slowly than we expect and our business may be adversely affected. Demand for BTX’s products, if approved, is affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Some of these potential factors include:
 
   
awareness of BTX’s products and the adoption of prescription CBT;
 
   
ease of adoption and use;
 
   
platform experience;
 
   
performance;
 
   
brand;
 
   
security and privacy; and
 
   
pricing.
Any failure to offer high-quality patient support may adversely affect our relationships with our existing and prospective patients, and in turn our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In implementing and using BTX’s products, our patients will depend on our patient support to resolve issues in a timely manner. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in demand for patient support. Increased patient demand for support could increase costs and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Any failure to maintain high-quality patient support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality patient support, could adversely affect patient satisfaction or the willingness of physicians to prescribe our products, and in turn our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
 
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If we fail to effectively manage our growth, we may be unable to execute our business plan, adequately address competitive challenges or maintain our corporate culture, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
The growth and expansion of our business creates significant challenges for our management, operational and financial resources. To effectively manage our growth, we must continue to improve our operational, financial and management processes and systems and to effectively expand, train and manage our employee base. As our organization continues to grow and we are required to implement more complex organizational management structures, we may find it increasingly difficult to maintain the benefits of our corporate culture. This could negatively affect our business performance.
We may in the future enter into collaborations,
in-licensing
arrangements, joint ventures, or strategic alliances with third-parties that may not result in the development of commercially viable products or the generation of significant future revenues.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may enter into collaborations,
in-licensing
arrangements, joint ventures, or strategic alliances to develop proposed products and to pursue new markets.
In the future, proposing, negotiating, and implementing collaborations,
in-licensing
arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, or partnerships may be a lengthy and complex process. Other companies, including those with substantially greater financial, marketing, sales, technology or other business resources, may compete with us for these opportunities or arrangements. We may not identify, secure or complete any such transactions or arrangements in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, on acceptable terms or at all, and may not realize the anticipated benefits of any such transaction or arrangement.
Additionally, with respect to current and future collaborations, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the transaction or arrangement, which could create the potential risk of creating impasses on decisions, and our collaborators may have economic or business interests or goals that are, or that may become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals. For example, BTX entered into a research collaboration with Steward Health Care Network to conduct a real world use study of
BT-001.
However, the parties do not expect to proceed with the study at this point.
It is possible that conflicts may arise with our collaborators, such as conflicts concerning the achievement of performance milestones, or the interpretation of significant terms under any agreement, such as those related to financial obligations or the ownership or control of intellectual property developed during the collaboration. If any conflicts arise with our current or future collaborators, they may act in their self-interest, which may be adverse to our best interest, and they may breach their obligations to us. In addition, we have limited control over the amount and timing of resources that our current collaborators or any future collaborators devote to our collaborators’ or our future products. Disputes between us and our collaborators may result in litigation or arbitration which would increase our expenses and divert the attention of our management. Further, these transactions and arrangements are contractual in nature and may be terminated or dissolved under the terms of the applicable agreements and, in such event, we may not continue to have rights to the products relating to such transaction or arrangement or may need to purchase such rights at a premium.
We could suffer disruptions, outages, defects, and other performance and quality problems with our platform or with the cloud and internet infrastructure on which it relies.
Our business depends on our platform to be available without disruption. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, disruptions, outages, defects, and other performance and quality problems with our platform. We have also experienced, and may in the future experience, disruptions, outages, defects, and other performance and quality problems with the cloud and internet infrastructure on which our platform relies. These
 
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problems can be caused by a variety of factors, including introductions of new functionality, vulnerabilities and defects in proprietary and open source software, human error or misconduct, capacity constraints, design limitations, or denial of service attacks or other security-related incidents.
Further, if our contractual and other business relationships with our cloud service providers are terminated, suspended, or suffer a material change to which we are unable to adapt, such as the elimination of services or features on which we depend, we could be unable to provide our platform and could experience significant delays and incur additional expense in transitioning patients to a different cloud service provider.
Any disruptions, outages, defects, and other performance and quality problems with our platform or with the cloud and internet infrastructure on which it relies, or any material change in our contractual and other business relationships with our cloud services providers, could result in reduced use of our platform, increased expenses, including service credit obligations, and harm to our brand and reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We depend on our senior management team, and the loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees could adversely affect our business.
Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our key executive officers. These executive officers are
at-will
employees and therefore they may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. We rely on our leadership team in the areas of operations, clinical and software development, information security, marketing, compliance and general and administrative functions. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business.
The loss of one or more of the members of our senior management team, or other key employees, could harm our business. The replacement of one or more of our executive officers or other key employees would likely involve significant time and costs and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.
To continue to execute our growth strategy, we also must attract and retain highly skilled personnel. Competition is intense for qualified professionals. We may not be successful in continuing to attract and retain qualified personnel. We have from time to time in the past experienced, and we expect to continue to experience in the future, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled personnel with appropriate qualifications. The pool of qualified personnel with experience working in the healthcare market is limited overall. In addition, many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have.
Additionally, our success is dependent on our ability to evolve our culture, align our talent with our business needs, engage our employees and inspire our employees to be open to change and innovate. Our business would be adversely affected if we fail to adequately plan for succession of our executives and senior management, or if we fail to effectively recruit, integrate, retain and develop key talent and/or align our talent with our business needs, in light of the current rapidly changing environment.
Our business could be disrupted by catastrophic events and
man-made
problems, such as power disruptions, data security breaches, and terrorism.
Our platform and the cloud-based infrastructure on which our platform relies are] vulnerable to damage or interruption from the occurrence of any catastrophic event, including earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, or other weather event, power loss, telecommunications failure, software or hardware malfunction, cyber- attack, war, terrorist attack, incident of mass violence or disease, such as the
COVID-19
pandemic, and similar events, which could result in lengthy interruptions in access to our platform. In addition, acts of terrorism, including malicious
 
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internet-based activity, could cause disruptions to the internet or the economy as a whole. Even with our disaster recovery arrangements, access to our platform could be interrupted. If our systems were to fail or be negatively impacted as a result of a natural disaster or other event, our ability to deliver our platform and products to our patients and patients would be impaired or we could lose critical data. If we are unable to develop adequate plans to ensure that our business functions continue to operate during and after a disaster, and successfully execute on those plans in the event of a disaster or emergency, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.
We have implemented a disaster recovery program that allows us to move website traffic to a backup data center in the event of a catastrophe. This allows us the ability to move traffic in the event of a problem, and the ability to recover in a short period of time. However, to the extent our disaster recovery program does not effectively support the movement of traffic in a timely or complete manner in the event of a catastrophe, our business and results of operations may be harmed.
We do not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses, including the potential harm to our business, financial condition and results of operations that may result from interruptions in access to our platform as a result of system failures.
Our Loan Agreement with Hercules Capital contains restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.
In August 2021, we entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules Capital”) as agent and lender. The Loan Agreement provides for an up to $50.0 million senior secured term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”). The Loan Agreement is secured by a lien on substantially all of our assets, including, but not limited to, shares of our subsidiaries, our current and future intellectual property, insurance, trade and intercompany receivables, inventory and equipment and contract rights. The Loan Agreement requires us to meet specified minimum cash requirements, as described below, and contains various affirmative and negative covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These covenants, which are each subject to customary exceptions, limit our ability to, without Hercules Capital’s prior written consent, effect any of the following, among other things:
 
   
sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of certain assets;
 
   
acquire another company or business or enter into a merger or similar transaction with third parties;
 
   
incur additional indebtedness;
 
   
make investments;
 
   
enter into certain outbound licenses of intellectual property;
 
   
encumber or permit liens on certain assets; and
 
   
pay dividends and make other restricted payments with respect to our capital stock.
Our board of directors or management team could believe that taking any one of these actions would be in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. If that were the case and if we were unable to complete any of these actions because Hercules Capital does not provide its consent, that could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, on or after July 1, 2023, we are required to maintain a minimum aggregate balance of $10.0 million in cash in one or more controlled accounts. Such requirement terminates if we reach certain valuation requirements. These accounts are required to be maintained as cash collateral accounts securing our obligations under the Loan Agreement. While such requirements apply under the Loan Agreement, our ability to use the cash amounts held in these controlled accounts in the operation of our business will be limited.
 
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As of October 28, 2021, we drew down on $10 million of the Term Loan Facility. Our ability to draw on the remaining Term Loan Facility is contingent on our compliance with the covenants described above and certain other covenants and milestones. Even if we meet these conditions, we may elect not to draw on the remaining Term Loan Facility.
In the event of a default under the Loan Agreement, including, among other things, our failure to make any payment when due or our failure to comply with any provision of the Loan Agreement, subject to customary grace periods, Hercules Capital could elect to declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we are unable to repay the amounts due under the Loan Agreement, Hercules Capital could proceed against the collateral granted to it to secure this indebtedness, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Hercules Capital interests as a lender may not always be aligned with our interests. If our interests come into conflict with those of Hercules Capital, including in the event of a default under the Loan Agreement, Hercules Capital may choose to act in its self-interest, which could adversely affect the success of our current and future collaborative efforts with Hercules Capital.
Risks Related to our Intellectual Property and Potential Litigation
We may be subject to legal proceedings and litigation, including intellectual property and privacy disputes, which are costly to defend and could materially harm our business and results of operations.
We may be party to lawsuits and legal proceedings in the normal course of business. These matters are often expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. We may face allegations, lawsuits and regulatory inquiries, audits and investigations regarding data privacy, security, labor and employment, consumer protection and intellectual property infringement, including claims related to privacy, patents, publicity, trademarks, copyrights and other rights. A portion of the technologies we use incorporates open source software, and we may face claims claiming ownership of open source software or patents related to that software, rights to our intellectual property or breach of open source license terms, including a demand to release material portions of our source code or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. We may also face allegations or litigation related to our acquisitions, securities issuances or business practices, including public disclosures about our business. Litigation and regulatory proceedings, and particularly the patent infringement and class action matters we could face, may be protracted and expensive, and the results are difficult to predict. Certain of these matters may include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages and include claims for injunctive relief. Additionally, our litigation costs could be significant. Adverse outcomes with respect to litigation or any of these legal proceedings may result in significant settlement costs or judgments, penalties and fines, or require us to modify BTX’s product or require us to stop offering certain products, all of which could negatively impact our revenue growth. We may also become subject to periodic audits, which would likely increase our regulatory compliance costs and may require us to change our business practices, which could negatively impact our revenue growth. Managing legal proceedings, litigation and audits, even if we achieve favorable outcomes, is time-consuming and diverts management’s attention from our business.
The results of regulatory proceedings, litigation, claims, and audits cannot be predicted with certainty, and determining reserves for pending litigation and other legal, regulatory and audit matters requires significant judgment. There can be no assurance that our expectations will prove correct, and even if these matters are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common stock.
Furthermore, our business exposes us to potential product liability claims that are inherent in the design, manufacture, testing and sale of medical devices. We could become the subject of product liability lawsuits
 
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alleging that component failures, manufacturing flaws, design defects or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or product-related information resulted in an unsafe condition, injury or death to patients. In addition, the misuse of BTX’s products, or the failure of patients to adhere to operating guidelines, could cause significant harm to patients, including death, which could result in product liability claims. Product liability lawsuits and claims, safety alerts or product recalls, with or without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs, and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our core business, harm our reputation and adversely affect our ability to attract and retain patients, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Although we maintain third-party product liability insurance coverage, it is possible that claims against us may exceed the coverage limits of our insurance policies. Even if any product liability loss is covered by an insurance policy, these policies typically have substantial deductibles for which we are responsible.
Product liability claims in excess of applicable insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any product liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could result in an increase of BTX’s product liability insurance premiums. Insurance coverage varies in cost and can be difficult to obtain, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain insurance coverage in the future on terms acceptable to us or at all.
Failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights could harm our business and results of operations.
We believe that our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business. If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property, our brand and reputation could be harmed and competitors may be able to use our technologies and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have, which could materially harm our business, negatively affect our position in the marketplace, limit our ability to commercialize our platform and delay or render impossible our achievement of profitability. A failure to protect our intellectual property in a cost-effective and meaningful manner could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete. We regard the protection of our trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, trade dress, databases, domain names and patents as critical to our success. We strive to protect our intellectual property rights by relying on federal, state and common law rights and other rights provided under foreign laws. These laws are subject to change at any time and could further restrict our ability to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights. In addition, the existing laws of certain foreign countries in which we operate may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. We also have a practice of entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and often enter into confidentiality agreements with parties with whom we conduct business in order to limit access to, and disclosure and use of, our proprietary information. In addition, from time to time we make our technology and other intellectual property available to others under license agreements, including open source license agreements and trademark licenses under agreements with any development collaborators for the purpose of
co-branding
or
co-marketing
BTX’s products or services. However, these contractual arrangements and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary information, infringement of our intellectual property rights, disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information, or deter independent development of similar or competing technologies, duplication of our technologies or efforts to design around our patents by others, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of such misappropriation or infringement.
Obtaining and maintaining effective intellectual property rights is expensive, including the costs of defending our rights. We make business decisions about when to seek patent protection for a particular technology and when to rely upon trade secret protection, and the approach we select may ultimately prove to be inadequate. We are seeking to protect certain of our intellectual property rights through filing applications for copyrights, trademarks, patents and domain names in a number of jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and may not be successful in all jurisdictions. We are continuing to monitor and evaluate our intellectual property protection in various jurisdictions as we expand our business. Even in cases where we seek patent protection,
 
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there is no assurance that the resulting patents will effectively protect every significant feature of BTX’s products, technology, or proprietary information, or provide us with any competitive advantages. Moreover, we cannot guarantee that any of our pending patent applications will issue or be approved. The United States Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, also requires compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process and after a patent has issued. There are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. If this occurs, our competitors might be able to enter the market, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. Even where we have intellectual property rights, they may later be found to be unenforceable or have a limited scope of enforceability. In addition, we may not seek to pursue such protection in every jurisdiction. In particular, we believe it is important to maintain, protect and enhance our brands. Accordingly, we pursue the registration of domain names and our trademarks and service marks in the United States and in some jurisdictions outside of the United States.
Third parties may challenge our use of our trademarks, oppose our trademark applications or otherwise impede our efforts to protect our intellectual property in certain jurisdictions. In the event that we are unable to register our trademarks in certain jurisdictions, we could be forced to rebrand BTX’s products, which could result in loss of brand recognition and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. We have already and may, over time, increase our investment in protecting innovations through investments in patents and similar rights, and this process is expensive and time- consuming.
In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. We may not always detect infringement of our intellectual property rights, and defending or enforcing our intellectual property rights, even if successfully detected, prosecuted, enjoined or remedied, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources.
Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our proprietary rights or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any litigation of this nature, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We may also incur significant costs in enforcing our trademarks against those who attempt to imitate our brand and other valuable trademarks and service marks. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, countersuits and adversarial proceedings such as oppositions, inter partes review, post-grant review,
re-examination
or other post-issuance proceedings, that attack the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. An adverse determination of any litigation proceedings could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put our related pending patent applications at risk of not issuing. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential or sensitive information could be compromised by disclosure in the event of litigation. In addition, during the course of litigation there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
If we fail to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property rights, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed and the market price of our common stock could decline.
Risks Related to Employment Matters
Federal, state and local employment-related laws and regulations could increase our cost of doing business and subject us to fines and lawsuits.
Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local employment-related laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act, which governs such matters as minimum wages,
 
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the Family Medical Leave Act, overtime pay, compensable time, recordkeeping and other working conditions, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the National Labor Relations Act, regulations of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, regulations of the Office of Civil Rights, regulations of the Department of Labor (DOL), regulations of state attorneys general, federal and state wage and hour laws, and a variety of similar laws enacted by the federal and state governments that govern these and other employment-related matters. As our employees are located in a number of states, compliance with these evolving federal, state and local laws and regulations could substantially increase our cost of doing business while failure to do so could subject us to fines and lawsuits. We are currently subject to employee-related legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. While we believe that we have adequate reserves for those losses that we believe are probable and can be reasonably estimated, the ultimate results of legal proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty.
Risks Related to Discovery and Development
Our current product candidates are in various stages of development. Our product candidates may fail in development or suffer delays that adversely affect their commercial viability. If we fail to obtain or maintain U.S. Food and Drug Administration de novo classification or clearance to market and sell our
BT-001
digital therapeutic, or if such classification or clearance is delayed, our business will be materially harmed.
The process of seeking regulatory de novo classification or clearance to market a medical device is expensive and time consuming. There can be no assurance that marketing authorization will be granted. If we are not successful in obtaining timely de novo classification granting marketing authorization of our
BT-
001 digital therapeutic, we may never be able to generate significant revenue and may be forced to cease operations. Specifically, we hope to pursue additional regulatory marketing clearances for our
BT-001
digital therapeutic for additional uses once if our first de novo classification is granted. The FDA de novo classification process requires an applicant to demonstrate the safety and efficacy based, in part, on extensive data, including, but not limited to preclinical, clinical trial, technical, manufacturing and labeling data. The FDA regulatory clearance process requires an applicant to demonstrate the device to be marketed is as safe and effective, that is, substantially equivalent, to a legally marketed device and the de novo classification process requires an applicant to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a new device. The FDA can delay, limit or deny de novo classification or clearance a device for many reasons, including:
 
   
we may not be able to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction that BTX’s product candidates are safe and effective for its intended use;
 
   
the FDA may disagree that our clinical data supports the label and use that we are seeking; and
 
   
the FDA may disagree that the data from our preclinical or pilot studies and clinical trials is sufficient to support marketing authorization.
Obtaining de novo classification and clearance from the FDA or any foreign regulatory authority could result in unexpected and significant costs for us and consume management’s time and other resources. The FDA could ask us to supplement our submissions, collect additional
non-clinical
data, conduct additional clinical trials, prepare additional manufacturing data or information or engage in other time-consuming actions, or it could simply deny our applications. In addition, if approved or granted marketing authorization, we will be required to obtain additional FDA approvals or clearances prior to making certain modification to our devices, and the FDA may revoke the approval or clearance or impose other restrictions if post-market data demonstrates safety issues or lack of efficacy. If we are unable to obtain and maintain the necessary regulatory authorizations and clearances to market BTX’s products, our financial condition may be adversely affected, and our ability to grow domestically and internationally would likely be limited. Additionally, even if authorized or cleared for marketing, our
BT-001
digital therapeutic may not receive marketing authorization for the indications that are necessary or desirable for successful commercialization or profitability.
 
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We are substantially dependent on the FDA’s de novo classification of our
BT-001
digital therapeutic, as well as market acceptance in the United States of
BT-001,
and our failure to receive FDA de novo classification of our
BT-
001 digital therapeutic or the failure to gain such market acceptance for it would negatively impact our business.
Since our inception, we have devoted substantially all of our efforts to the development of our
BT-001
digital therapeutic application that we believe, if granted de novo classification, will serve the basis for future marketing clearances for additional uses in other indications. We have not yet received de novo classification from the FDA to market and sell our
BT-001
digital therapeutic in the United States. However, we will incur costs, including costs to build our sales force, in anticipation of potential FDA de novo classification being granted. If we are unable to obtain the necessary grant from the FDA to market and sell our
BT-001
digital therapeutic in the United States and then to achieve significant market acceptance in the United States, our results of operations will be adversely affected as the United States is expected to be the principal market for our
BT-001,
if approved. Further, because we have incurred costs prospectively in advance of FDA de novo classification, we would be unable to recoup these costs if the
BT-001
is not granted marketing authorization by the FDA or if it is granted de novo classification but fails to obtain market acceptance. We have other digital therapeutics development that depend on marketing clearance to be obtained under FDA’s 510(k) clearance pathway, enabled by the de novo classification of our first
BT-
001 product candidate; thus, if we are unsuccessful in obtaining de novo classification of our initial
BT-001
digital therapeutic, we would need to seek de novo classification for the next
BT-001
digital therapeutic indication we seek to market. Unexpected or serious complications or other unforeseen negative effects related to the development or market acceptance of any
BT-001
digital therapeutic we seek to market could materially and adversely affect our business.
The clinical trial process required to obtain marketing authorizations for BTX’s product candidates is lengthy and expensive with uncertain outcomes. If clinical trials of any of our digital therapeutic applications in development fails to produce results necessary to support regulatory marketing authorization or clearance in the United States or, with respect to our current or future products, elsewhere, we will be unable to commercialize these products and may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the commercialization of those products.
We are currently conducting a virtual clinical trial and plan to seek de novo classification for our
BT-
001 digital therapeutic application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The virtual aspects of the trial include recruitment of participants using email and social media and the conducting of study visits using telemedicine visits. In order to obtain de novo classification, we must obtain clinical data demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. Conducting clinical trials is a complex and expensive process, can take many years, and outcomes are inherently uncertain. We incur substantial expense for, and devote significant time to, clinical trials but cannot be certain that the trials will ever result in commercial revenue. We may experience significant setbacks in clinical trials, even after earlier clinical trials showed promising results, and failure can occur at any time during the clinical development process. Any of BTX’s products may malfunction or may produce undesirable adverse effects that could cause us, institutional review boards or IRBs, or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials. We, IRBs, the FDA, or another regulatory authority may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time to avoid exposing trial participants to unacceptable health risks. Successful results of earlier pilot studies are not necessarily indicative of future clinical trial results, and predecessor pilot study or clinical trial results may not be replicated in subsequent clinical trials.
Moreover, interim results or topline results may be subject to change upon full review of the data from a clinical trial. Additionally, the FDA may disagree with our interpretation of the data from our pilot studies and clinical trials, or may find the clinical trial design, conduct or results inadequate to demonstrate safety or efficacy, and may require us to pursue additional clinical trials, which could further delay the de novo classification grant or clearance of BTX’s product candidates. The data we collect from our pilot studies and clinical trials may not be sufficient to support FDA de novo classification or clearance, and if we are unable to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our future products in our clinical trials, we will be unable to obtain the regulatory authorizations we need to commercialize BTX’s products.
 
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In addition, we may estimate and publicly announce the anticipated timing of the accomplishment of various clinical, regulatory and other product development goals, which are often referred to as milestones. These milestones could include: the submission to the FDA of a meeting request to discuss product development pathways or submission of an investigational device exemption, or IDE, if applicable, to commence clinical trials of BTX’s product candidates; the enrollment of patients in clinical trials; the release of data from clinical trials; and other clinical and regulatory events; and the obtainment of the right to affix the CE mark in the European Union. The actual timing of these milestones could vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in some cases for reasons beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will meet our projected milestones and if we do not meet these milestones as publicly announced, the commercialization of BTX’s products may be delayed and, as a result, our stock price may decline.
Clinical trials are necessary to support de novo classification requests and certain 510(k) applications and may be necessary to support subsequent 510(k) submissions for modified versions of any digital therapeutic devices for which we obtain marketing authorization. This requires the enrollment of large numbers of suitable subjects, which may be difficult to identify, recruit and maintain as participants in the clinical trial. Adverse outcomes in our potentially pivotal trials or post-approval studies could also result in restrictions on or withdrawal of marketing clearances we obtain. We will likely need to conduct additional clinical studies in the future for the authorization of the use of BTX’s products in some foreign countries. Clinical testing is difficult to design and implement, can take many years, can be expensive and carries uncertain outcomes. The initiation and completion of any of these trials may be prevented, delayed, or halted for numerous reasons. We may experience a number of events during the conduct of our clinical trials that could adversely affect the costs, timing or successful completion, including:
 
   
if we are required to submit an IDE application to FDA, which must become effective prior to commencing human clinical trials, the FDA may reject our IDE application and notify us that we may not begin investigational trials;
 
   
regulators and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree as to the design or implementation of our clinical trials;
 
   
regulators and/or institutional review boards, or IRBs, or other reviewing bodies may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial, or to conduct or continue a clinical trial at a prospective or specific trial site;
 
   
we may not reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;
 
   
clinical trials may produce negative or inconclusive results, or we may not agree with regulatory authorities on the interpretation of our clinical trial results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;
 
   
the number of subjects or patients required for clinical trials, including to effectively test and demonstrate the effect of BTX’s product candidates, may be larger than we anticipate, enrollment in these clinical trials may be insufficient or slower than we anticipate, and the number of clinical trials being conducted at any given time may be high and result in fewer available patients for any given clinical trial, or patients may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;
 
   
our third-party contractors, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner, or at all;
 
   
we might have to suspend or terminate clinical trials for various reasons, including a finding that the subjects are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;
 
   
we may have to amend clinical trial protocols or conduct additional studies to reflect changes in regulatory requirements or guidance, which we may be required to submit to an IRB and/or regulatory authorities for
re-examination;
 
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regulators, IRBs, or other parties may require or recommend that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including safety signals or noncompliance with regulatory requirements;
 
   
the cost of clinical trials may be greater than we anticipate;
 
   
clinical sites may not adhere to the clinical protocol or may drop out of a clinical trial;
 
   
we may be unable to recruit a sufficient number of clinical trial sites or trial subjects;
 
   
regulators, IRBs, or other reviewing bodies may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with our manufacturing processes for clinical and commercial supplies, the supply of devices or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials may be insufficient, inadequate or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in our ability to supply BTX’s product candidates;
 
   
marketing authorization policies, pathways or regulations of FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agencies may change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for marketing authorization; and
 
   
our current or future products may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics.
Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations of the FDA and other applicable regulatory authorities’ legal requirements, regulations or guidelines, and are subject to oversight by these governmental agencies and IRBs at the medical institutions where the clinical trials are conducted. We may in the future have to terminate a clinical trial site or investigator which is found through our clinical trial monitoring activities to be noncompliant with our clinical trial protocols or with applicable laws, regulations, requirements and guidelines for the conduct of our clinical trials.
Furthermore, we rely on clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials and while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual performance. We depend on our CROs to support the conduct of our clinical trials in compliance with good clinical practice, or GCP, requirements. To the extent our CROs fail to help oversee the conduct the study in compliance with GCP standards or are delayed for a significant time in the execution of the trial, including achieving full enrollment, we may be affected by increased costs, program delays or both. In addition, clinical trials that are conducted in countries outside the United States may subject us to further delays and expenses as a result of increased shipment costs, additional regulatory requirements and the engagement of
non-U.S.
CROs, as well as expose us to risks associated with clinical investigators who are unknown to the FDA, and different standards of diagnosis, screening and medical care.
Failure can occur at any stage of clinical testing. Our clinical trials may produce negative or inconclusive results or may demonstrate a lack of effect of BTX’s product candidates. We may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical and
non-clinical
testing in addition to those we have planned. Our failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of any product candidates we may develop or may develop in the future would prevent receipt of regulatory marketing authorization and, ultimately, the commercialization of that product or indication for use. Even if our future products are granted de novo classification or cleared in the United States, commercialization of BTX’s products in foreign countries would require marketing authorization by regulatory authorities in those countries.
Marketing authorization procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from, and greater than, those in the United States, including the conduct of additional pilot studies or clinical trials. Any of these occurrences could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
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Enrollment and retention of patients in clinical trials is an expensive and time-consuming process and could be made more difficult or rendered impossible by multiple factors outside our control.
We may encounter delays or difficulties in enrolling, or be unable to enroll, a sufficient number of patients to complete any of our clinical trials on our current timelines, or at all, and even once enrolled, we may be unable to retain a sufficient number of patients to complete any of our trials. Slow enrollment in our clinical trials may lead to delays in our development timelines and milestones.
Patient enrollment in clinical trials and completion of patient
follow-up
depend on many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the trial protocol, the ability of patients to continue to receive medical care, the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial, patient compliance, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the product being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new treatments that may be approved for the indications we are investigating. For example, patients may be discouraged from enrolling in our clinical trials if the trial protocol requires them to undergo extensive post-treatment procedures or
follow-up
to assess the safety and efficacy of a product candidate, or they may be persuaded to participate in contemporaneous clinical trials of a competitor’s product candidate. In addition, patients participating in our clinical trials may drop out before completion of the trial or experience adverse medical events unrelated to BTX’s products. Delays in patient enrollment or failure of patients to continue to participate in a clinical trial may delay commencement or completion of the clinical trial, cause an increase in the costs of the clinical trial and delays, make our data more difficult to interpret, affect the powering of our trial, or result in the failure of the clinical trial.
Delays or failures in planned patient enrollment or retention may result in increased costs, program delays or both, which could have a harmful effect on our ability to develop BTX’s product candidates, or could render further development impossible. In addition, we rely on clinical trial sites to ensure timely conduct of our clinical trials and, while we have entered into agreements governing their services, we are limited in our ability to compel their actual performance.
Interim, “topline,” and preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to confirmation, audit, and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.
From time to time, we may publicly disclose preliminary or topline data from our pilot studies and clinical trials, which is based on a preliminary analysis of then-available data, and the results and related findings and conclusions are subject to change following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular study or trial. We also make assumptions, estimations, calculations, and conclusions as part of our analyses of data, and we may not have received or had the opportunity to fully and carefully evaluate all data. As a result, the topline or preliminary results that we report may differ from future results of the same studies, or different conclusions or considerations may qualify such results, once additional data have been received and fully evaluated. Topline data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the preliminary data we previously published. As a result, topline data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available. From time to time, we may also disclose interim data from our clinical trials. Interim or preliminary data from clinical trials are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment and treatment continues and more patient data become available or as patients from our clinical trials continue other treatments for their disease. Adverse differences between preliminary or interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects. Further, disclosure of interim data by us or by our competitors could result in volatility in the price of our common stock after this offering.
Further, others, including regulatory agencies, may not accept or agree with our assumptions, estimates, calculations, conclusions or analyses or may interpret or weigh the importance of data differently, which could impact the potential of the particular program, the likelihood of marketing authorization or clearance or
 
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commercialization of the particular product candidate, the commercial success of any product for which we may have already obtained authorization or clearance, and our company in general. In addition, the information we choose to publicly disclose regarding a particular study or clinical trial is derived from information that is typically extensive, and you or others may not agree with what we determine is material or otherwise appropriate information to include in our disclosure.
If the interim, topline, or preliminary data that we report differ from actual results, or if others, including regulatory authorities, disagree with the conclusions reached, our ability to obtain approval for, and commercialize, BTX’s product candidates may be harmed, which could harm our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition.
If patients or physicians are not willing to change current practices to adopt our
BT-001
digital therapeutic, if granted authorization for marketing, our future product candidates may fail to gain increased market acceptance, and our business will be adversely affected.
Our primary strategy to grow our revenue is to drive the adoption of our
BT-001
digital therapeutic, if granted marketing authorization, by physicians to assist their patients in improving glycemic control by lowering HbA1c. Physicians may choose not to adopt our digital therapeutic products for a number of reasons, including:
 
   
lack of availability of adequate third-party payer coverage or reimbursement;
 
   
lack of experience with BTX’s product;
 
   
our inability to convince key opinion leaders to recommend BTX’s products;
 
   
perceived inadequacy of evidence supporting clinical benefits, safety or cost-effectiveness of BTX’s product;
 
   
liability risks generally associated with the use of new products; and
 
   
the training required to use new products.
We focus our sales, marketing and training efforts primarily on primary care physicians. However, physicians from other disciplines, such as endocrinologists, as well as other medical professionals, such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants, are often the initial point of contact for patients with diabetes management needs. We believe that educating physicians in these disciplines and other medical professionals about the clinical merits, patient benefits and safety profile of our digital therapeutic products is an element of increasing product adoption. If additional primary care physicians or other medical professionals do not appreciate and recommend the benefits of our digital therapeutic for any reason, including those listed above, our ability to execute our growth strategy will be impaired, and our business may be adversely affected.
In addition, patients may not be able to adopt or may choose not to adopt our digital therapeutic if, among other potential reasons, they are worried about potential adverse effects of use of our digital therapeutic or they are unable to obtain adequate third-party coverage or reimbursement.
Our long-term growth depends on our ability to enhance our digital therapeutic products, expand our indications and develop and commercialize additional products once granted marketing authorization and clearance.
It is important to our business strategy that we continue to enhance our
BT-001
digital therapeutic with additional functionalities and, in the future, additional indications as well as develop and introduce new products. Developing products is expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention away from our core business. The success of any new product offering or product enhancements will depend on several factors, including our ability to:
 
   
properly identify and anticipate physician and patient needs;
 
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develop and introduce new functionalities, uses, products and product enhancements in a timely manner;
 
   
avoid infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third-parties;
 
   
demonstrate, if required, the safety and effectiveness of new products with data from preclinical and pilot studies and clinical trials;
 
   
obtain the necessary regulatory clearances, grants or approvals for expanded indications, new products or product modifications;
 
   
be fully
FDA-compliant
with marketing of new products or modified products;
 
   
provide adequate training to potential patients prescribed BTX’s products;
 
   
receive adequate coverage and reimbursement for procedures performed with BTX’s products; and
 
   
develop an effective and dedicated sales and marketing team.
If we are not successful in expanding our indications and developing and commercializing new products and product enhancements, our ability to increase our revenue may be impaired, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our product candidates represent novel and innovative potential therapeutic areas, and negative perception of any product candidate that we develop could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, obtain regulatory approvals or identify alternate regulatory pathways to market for such product candidate.
Certain of our product candidates are considered relatively new and novel therapeutic approaches. Our and their success will depend upon physicians who specialize in the treatment of diseases targeted by our and their product candidates prescribing potential treatments that involve the use of our and their product candidates in lieu of, or in addition to, existing treatments with which they are more familiar and for which greater clinical data may be available. Access will also depend on consumer acceptance and adoption of products that are commercialized. In addition, responses by the U.S., state or foreign governments to negative public perception or ethical concerns may result in new legislation or regulations that could limit our ability to develop or commercialize any product candidates, obtain or maintain regulatory approval, identify alternate regulatory pathways to market or otherwise achieve profitability.
For example, in the United States, no prescription digital therapeutic candidates designed to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy for treating diabetes, heart disease, and other cardiometabolic conditions have been approved. BTX is developing a platform of
FDA-regulated,
software-based, prescription digital therapeutic candidates for treating such conditions through a novel form of cognitive behavioral therapy. The FDA may lack experience in evaluating the safety and efficacy of product candidates based on cognitive behavioral therapy, which could result in a longer than expected regulatory review process, increase expected development costs and delay or prevent potential commercialization of product candidates.
Risks Related to Government Regulation
Our products and operations are subject to extensive government regulation and oversight both in the United States and abroad, and our failure to comply with applicable requirements could harm our business.
We and BTX’s products are subject to extensive regulation in the United States and elsewhere, including by the FDA and its foreign counterparts. The FDA and foreign regulatory agencies regulate, among other things, with respect to medical devices: design, development and manufacturing; testing, labeling, content and language of instructions for use; clinical trials; product safety;
pre-market
clearance and approval; establishment registration and device listing; marketing, sales and distribution; complaint handling; record keeping procedures; advertising and promotion; recalls and field safety corrective actions; post-market surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries and malfunctions that, if they were to recur, could lead to death or serious injury; post-market approval studies; and product import and export.
 
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The regulations to which we are subject are complex and have tended to become more stringent over time. Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to carry on or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs or lower than anticipated sales. The FDA enforces these regulatory requirements through periodic unannounced inspections. We do not know whether we will pass any future FDA inspections or those conducted by foreign regulatory agencies. Failure to comply with applicable regulations could jeopardize our ability to sell BTX’s products and result in enforcement actions such as: warning letters; fines; injunctions; civil penalties; termination of distribution; recalls or seizures of products; delays in the introduction of products into the market; total or partial suspension of production; refusal to grant future clearances or approvals; withdrawals or suspensions of current marketing authorizations, resulting in prohibitions on the sale and distribution of BTX’s products; and in the most serious cases, criminal penalties.
We may not receive the necessary de novo classification grant for our
BT-001
digital therapeutic or clearances for future expanded indications of our
BT-001
digital therapeutic product candidate, and failure to timely obtain these regulatory authorizations would adversely affect our ability to grow our business.
Our strategy is dependent on the initial de novo classification by FDA of our
BT-001
digital therapeutic granting its ability for marketing in the United States. In the United States, before we can market a new medical device, or a new use of, new claim for or significant modification to an existing products, we must first receive either clearance under Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FDCA, or grant under the de novo classification process added under the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, or FDAMA, or premarket approval, or PMA, from the FDA, unless an exemption applies.
The de novo classification process, which is the development pathway required based on discussions with FDA for our
BT-001
digital therapeutic for our current planned use in treatment of type 2 diabetes, provides a pathway to classify novel medical devices for which general controls alone, or general and special controls, provide reasonable assurance of safety and efficacy for the intended use, but for which there is no legally marketed predicate device. A de novo classification is a risk-based classification process where devices that are classified into class I or class II through a de novo classification request may be marketed and used as predicates for future premarket notification 510(k) submissions.
In the 510(k) clearance process, before a device may be marketed, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is “substantially equivalent” to a legally-marketed “predicate” device, which includes a device that has been previously cleared through the 510(k) process, a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976
(pre-amendments
device), a device that was originally on the United States market pursuant to an approved PMA and later down-classified, or a 510(k)-exempt device. To be “substantially equivalent,” the proposed device must have the same intended use as the predicate device, and either have the same technological characteristics as the predicate device or have different technological characteristics and not raise different questions of safety or effectiveness than the predicate device. Clinical data are sometimes required to support substantial equivalence demonstrations. We plan to pursue the 510(k) clearance process for the addition of expanded indications for our
BT-001
digital therapeutic.
Where the de novo classification or 510(k) clearance pathways are not available for medical devices, and where no policy of enforcement discretion exists enabling a manufacturer to market a medical device without obtaining premarket authorization, the process of obtaining PMA approval may apply, which is the most rigorous product development pathway for seeking marketing approval for a medical device. In review of a PMA application, the FDA must determine that a proposed device is safe and effective for its intended use based, in part, on extensive data, including, but not limited to
pre-clinical,
clinical trial, technical, manufacturing and labeling data beyond that which is required to support a de novo classification request or 510(k) clearance submission. The PMA process is typically required for devices that are deemed to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices.
Modifications to products that are approved through a PMA application generally require FDA approval. Similarly, certain modifications made to products cleared through a 510(k) or the de novo classification process
 
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may require a new 510(k) clearance or a new de novo classification request. Both the PMA approval, de novo classification, and the 510(k) clearance processes can be expensive, lengthy and uncertain. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process usually takes from three to 12 months, but can last longer, while the de novo classification request process is usually longer requiring a clinical trial. The process of obtaining a PMA is much more costly and uncertain than the de novo or 510(k) clearance processes and generally takes from one to three years, or even longer, from the time the application is filed with the FDA. In addition, a PMA generally requires the performance of one or more clinical trials. Despite the time, effort and cost, a device may not be approved, granted or cleared by the FDA. Any delay or failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals could harm our business. Furthermore, even if we are granted regulatory authorizations, clearances or approvals, they may include significant limitations on the indicated uses for the device, which may limit the market for the device.
In the United States, we are currently developing our
BT-001
digital therapeutic through the de novo classification pathway. Any modification to our
BT-001
digital therapeutic that has not been previously authorized may require us to submit a 510(k) premarket clearance application or de novo classification request prior to implementing the change. If the FDA requires us to go through a lengthier, more rigorous examination for future products or modifications to existing products than we had expected, product introductions or modifications could be delayed or canceled, which could adversely affect our ability to grow our business.
The FDA can delay, limit or deny de novo classification, clearance or approval of a device for many reasons, including:
 
   
our inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or the applicable regulatory entity or notified body that BTX’s products are safe or effective for their intended uses;
 
   
the disagreement of the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory body with the design or implementation of our clinical trials or the interpretation of data from
pre-clinical
studies or clinical trials;
 
   
serious and unexpected adverse device effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials;
 
   
the data from our
pre-clinical
or pilot studies and clinical trials may be insufficient to support de novo classification, clearance or approval where required;
 
   
our inability to demonstrate that the clinical and other benefits of the device outweigh the risks; and
 
   
the potential for medical device policies or regulations of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory bodies to change significantly in a manner rendering our clinical data or regulatory filings insufficient for de novo classification, clearance or approval.
In addition, the FDA may change its policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions, which may prevent or delay de novo classification, clearance or approval of our future products under development or impact our ability to modify our currently cleared products on a timely basis. Such policy or regulatory changes could impose additional requirements upon us that could delay our ability to obtain new authorizations, increase the costs of compliance or restrict our ability to maintain any authorizations we may successfully obtain. For example, as part of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, or FDASIA, enacted in 2012, Congress reauthorized the Medical Device User Fee Amendments with various FDA performance goal commitments and enacted several “Medical Device Regulatory Improvements” and miscellaneous reforms, which are further intended to clarify and improve medical device regulation both
pre-
and post-marketing. Some of these proposals and reforms could impose additional regulatory requirements upon us that could delay our ability to obtain new approvals, increase the costs of compliance or restrict our ability to maintain our current approval.
We may market digital products for uses under current FDA enforcement discretion or outside of the current definition of a “medical device” in the United States.
Currently, the FDA’s regulatory framework permits the marketing of certain digital applications and products outside of the FDA’s active regulation under its device authorities or, in other cases, completely outside
 
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FDA regulation if the product uses do not meet the definition of a “medical device.” From time to time, we may develop and commercialize products that we determine fall within the current areas of FDA enforcement discretion or outside the definition of a medical device, but the FDA may not agree with our determination. If FDA disagrees with any such determinations that we make, we may be required to cease further marketing or distribution of those products until such time as we obtain any required premarket authorization, clearance or approval for those products and we may be subject to receiving an FDA untitled letter or warning letter for such product marketing and distribution activities, amongst other potential enforcement mechanisms available to the FDA.
Failure to comply with post-marketing regulatory requirements could subject us to enforcement actions, including substantial penalties, and might require us to recall or withdraw a products from the market.
After de novo classification, if granted, for our
BT-001
digital therapeutic product candidate, we will be subject to ongoing and pervasive regulatory requirements governing, among other things, the manufacture, marketing, labeling, sale, promotion, advertising, medical device reporting, registration, distribution, and listing of devices. For example, we must submit periodic reports to the FDA, including reports of certain adverse events. These reports include safety and effectiveness information about the device after its authorization for marketing. Failure to submit such reports, or failure to submit the reports in a timely manner, could result in enforcement action by the FDA. Following its review of these periodic reports and medical device adverse event reports, the FDA might ask for additional information or initiate further investigation.
In addition, our digital therapeutics may become subject to post-market study requirements. Any failure to conduct the required studies in accordance with an IRB, and informed consent requirements, or adverse findings in these studies, could also be grounds for modification or withdrawal of marketing authorization for any product we may commercialize.
The FDA and the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, also regulate the advertising and promotion of BTX’s products and services to ensure that the claims we make are consistent with our regulatory authorizations, that there is adequate and reasonable data to substantiate the claims and that our promotional labeling and advertising is neither false nor misleading. If the FDA or FTC determines that any of our advertising or promotional claims are misleading, not substantiated or not permissible, we may be subject to enforcement actions, including warning letters, and we may be required to revise our promotional claims and make other corrections or restitutions.
The regulations to which we are subject are complex and have become more stringent over time. Regulatory changes could result in restrictions on our ability to continue or expand our operations, higher than anticipated costs, or lower than anticipated sales. Even after we have obtained the proper regulatory authorization to market a device, we have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations and applicable foreign laws and regulations. The FDA, state and foreign regulatory authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA, state or foreign regulatory authorities, which may include any of the following sanctions:
 
   
untitled letters or warning letters;
 
   
fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
 
   
recalls, termination of distribution, administrative detention, or seizure of BTX’s products;
 
   
patient notifications for repair, replacement or refunds;
 
   
operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
 
   
delays in or refusal to grant our requests for future marketing authorizations of new products, new intended uses, or modifications to any marketed products we may commercialize;
 
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withdrawals or suspensions of our current regulatory authorizations, resulting in prohibitions on sales and distribution of BTX’s products;
 
   
FDA refusal to issue certificates to foreign governments needed to export products for sale in other countries; and
 
   
criminal prosecution.
Any of these sanctions could result in higher than anticipated costs or lower than anticipated sales and have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
If treatment guidelines for diabetes patient management change or the standard of care evolves, we may need to redesign and seek new marketing authorization from the FDA for one or more of BTX’s product candidates.
If treatment guidelines for diabetes patient management change or the standard of care for this or any other conditions in which we seek to develop digital therapeutics evolves, we may need to redesign the applicable product or product candidates we market or seek to develop and may need to seek and obtain new de novo classifications, clearances or approvals from the FDA and the equivalent from foreign regulatory authorities. If treatment guidelines or the standards of care change so that different treatments become desirable, the clinical utility of one or more of BTX’s products could be diminished and our business could be adversely affected.
The misuse or
off-label
use of BTX’s products may harm our reputation in the marketplace, result in injuries that lead to product liability suits or result in costly investigations, fines or sanctions by regulatory bodies if we are deemed to have engaged in the promotion of these uses, any of which could be costly to our business.
Although BTX’s products, if authorized for marketing, are marketed for the specific therapeutic uses for which the devices were designed and our personnel will be trained to not promote BTX’s products for uses outside of the
FDA-approved
indications for use, known as
“off-label
uses,” we cannot, however, prevent a physician from using BTX’s products in ways, when in the physician’s independent professional medical judgment, he or she deems it appropriate. There may be increased risk of injury to patients if primary care physicians attempt to use BTX’s products
off-label.
Furthermore, the use of BTX’s products for indications other than those authorized, cleared or approved by the FDA or authorized by any foreign regulatory body may not effectively treat such conditions, which could harm our reputation in the marketplace among primary care physicians and patients.
If following authorization of our
BT-001
digital therapeutic or any other product candidates we may commercialize the FDA or any foreign regulatory body determines that our promotional materials or training constitute promotion of an
off-label
use, it could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance or imposition of an untitled letter or warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine or criminal penalties. It is also possible that other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities might take action under other regulatory authority, such as false claims laws for any products for which we obtain government reimbursement, if they consider our business activities to constitute promotion of an
off-label
use, which could result in significant penalties, including, but not limited to, criminal, civil and administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs and the curtailment of our operations.
In addition, physicians may misuse BTX’s products with their patients if they are not adequately trained, potentially leading to injury and an increased risk of product liability. If BTX’s products are misused, we may become subject to costly litigation by our patients or their patients. As described above, product liability claims could divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend and result in sizeable damage awards against us that may not be covered by insurance.
 
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Our products may cause or contribute to adverse medical events or be subject to failures or malfunctions that we are required to report to the FDA, and if we fail to do so, we would be subject to sanctions that could harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. The discovery of serious safety issues with BTX’s products, or a recall of BTX’s products either voluntarily or at the direction of the FDA or another governmental authority, could have a negative impact on us.
We are subject to the FDA’s medical device reporting regulations and similar foreign regulations, which require us to report to the FDA when we receive or become aware of information that reasonably suggests that one or more of BTX’s products may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that, if the malfunction were to recur, it could cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. The timing of our obligation to report is triggered by the date we become aware of the adverse event as well as the nature of the event. We may fail to report adverse events of which we become aware within the prescribed timeframe. We may also fail to recognize that we have become aware of a reportable adverse event, especially if it is not reported to us as an adverse event or if it is an adverse event that is unexpected or removed in time from the use of the product. If we fail to comply with our reporting obligations, the FDA could take action, including warning letters, untitled letters, administrative actions, criminal prosecution, imposition of civil monetary penalties, revocation of our device approval, seizure of BTX’s products or delay in clearance or approval of future products.
The FDA and foreign regulatory bodies have the authority to require the recall of commercialized products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture of a product or in the event that a product poses an unacceptable risk to health. The FDA’s authority to require a recall must be based on a finding that there is reasonable probability that the device could cause serious injury or death. We may also choose to voluntarily recall a product if any material deficiency is found. A government- mandated or voluntary recall by us could occur as a result of an unacceptable risk to health, component failures, malfunctions, manufacturing defects, labeling or design deficiencies, packaging defects or other deficiencies or failures to comply with applicable regulations. Product defects or other errors may occur in the future.
Depending on the corrective action we take to redress a product’s deficiencies or defects, the FDA may require, or we may decide, that we will need to obtain new authorizations, clearance or approvals for the device before we may market or distribute the corrected device. Seeking such authorizations, clearances or approvals may delay our ability to replace the recalled devices in a timely manner. Moreover, if we do not adequately address problems associated with our devices, we may face additional regulatory enforcement action, including FDA warning letters, product seizure, injunctions, administrative penalties or civil or criminal fines.
Companies are required to maintain certain records of recalls and corrections, even if they are not reportable to the FDA. We may initiate voluntary withdrawals or corrections for BTX’s products in the future that we determine do not require notification of the FDA. If the FDA disagrees with our determinations, it could require us to report those actions as recalls and we may be subject to enforcement action. A future recall announcement could harm our reputation with patients, potentially lead to product liability claims against us and negatively affect our sales. Any corrective action, whether voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, will require the dedication of our time and capital, distract management from operating our business and may harm our reputation and financial results.
In the event we seek to market BTX’s products in international markets, if we do not obtain and maintain international regulatory registrations or approvals for BTX’s products, we will be unable to market and sell BTX’s products outside of the United States.
Sales of BTX’s products outside of the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that vary widely from country to country. In addition, the FDA regulates exports of medical devices from the United States. While the regulations of some countries may not impose barriers to marketing and selling BTX’s products or only require notification, others require that we obtain the marketing authorization of a specified regulatory body. Complying with foreign regulatory requirements, including obtaining registrations or marketing
 
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authorizations, can be expensive and time-consuming, and we may not receive regulatory authorizations, clearances or approvals in each country in which we may plan to market BTX’s products or we may be unable to do so on a timely basis. The time required to obtain registrations or marketing authorizations, if required by other countries, may be longer than that required for FDA de novo classification, clearance or approval, and requirements for such registrations and marketing authorizations may significantly differ from FDA requirements. If we modify BTX’s products, we may need to apply for additional regulatory authorizations before we are permitted to sell the modified product. In addition, we may not continue to meet the quality and safety standards required to maintain the authorizations that we have received. If we are unable to maintain our authorizations in a particular country, we will no longer be able to sell the applicable product in that country.
Regulatory de novo classification, clearance or approval by the FDA does not ensure registration or marketing authorization by regulatory authorities in other countries, and registration or marketing authorization by one or more foreign regulatory authorities does not ensure registration or marketing authorization by regulatory authorities in other foreign countries or by the FDA. However, a failure or delay in obtaining registration or marketing authorization in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in others.
Risks related to Healthcare Laws and Regulation
The insurance coverage and reimbursement status of newly-approved products is uncertain. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for any of BTX’s product candidates, if approved, could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue.
In the United States and markets in other countries, patients generally rely on third-party payers to reimburse all or part of the costs associated with their treatment. Adequate coverage and reimbursement from governmental healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and commercial payers is critical to new product acceptance. Our ability to successfully commercialize BTX’s product candidates will depend in part on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement for these products and related treatments will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. Government authorities and third-party payers, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which medications they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels. The availability of coverage and extent of reimbursement by governmental and private payers is essential for most patients to be able to afford treatments. Sales of product candidates that we may identify will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of BTX’s product candidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other third-party payers. If coverage and adequate reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize BTX’s product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish or maintain pricing sufficient to realize a sufficient return on our investment.
There is also significant uncertainty related to the insurance coverage and reimbursement of newly approved products and coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the medicine is approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities.
Factors payers consider in determining reimbursement are based on whether the product is:
 
   
a covered benefit under its health plan;
 
   
safe, effective and medically necessary;
 
   
appropriate for the specific patient;
 
   
cost-effective; and
 
   
neither experimental nor investigational.
 
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Each payer determines whether or not it will provide coverage for a treatment, what amount it will pay the manufacturer for the treatment and on what tier of its formulary it will be placed. The position on a payer’s list of covered drugs, biological products, and medical devices, or formulary, generally determines the
co-payment
that a patient will need to make to obtain the therapy and can strongly influence the adoption of such therapy by patients and physicians. Patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers prescribing such services generally rely on third-party payers to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. Patients are unlikely to use BTX’s products unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of BTX’s products. There may be significant delays in obtaining such coverage and reimbursement for newly approved products, and coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the product is approved by the FDA.
Moreover, eligibility for coverage and reimbursement does not imply that a product will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, intellectual property, manufacture, sale and distribution expenses. Interim reimbursement levels for new products, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the product and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost products and may be incorporated into existing payments for other services. Net prices for products may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payers, by any future laws limiting pharmaceutical prices and by any future relaxation of laws that presently restrict imports of products from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States. In addition, many pharmaceutical manufacturers must calculate and report certain price reporting metrics to the government, such as average sales price and best price. Penalties may apply in some cases when such metrics are not submitted accurately and timely.
Third-party payers have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. We cannot be sure that coverage and reimbursement will be available for any product that we commercialize and, if reimbursement is available, what the level of reimbursement will be. Inadequate coverage and reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any product for which we obtain marketing approval. If coverage and adequate reimbursement are not available, or are available only at limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize BTX’s product candidates.
In addition, in some foreign countries, the proposed pricing for a prescription device must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The requirements governing medical product pricing vary widely from country to country. For example, the European Union provides options for its Member States to restrict the range of medicinal products for which their national health insurance systems provide reimbursement and to control the prices of medicinal products for human use. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval, some of these countries may require the completion of clinical trials that compare the cost effectiveness of a particular product candidate to currently available therapies. A Member State may approve a specific price for the medicinal products or it may instead adopt a system of direct or indirect controls on the profitability of the company placing the medicinal product on the market. There can be no assurance that any country that has price controls or reimbursement limitations for pharmaceutical products will allow favorable reimbursement and pricing arrangements for any of BTX’s product candidates. Historically, products launched in the European Union do not follow price structures of the U.S. and generally prices tend to be significantly lower.
We may be subject, directly or indirectly, to federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse laws, false claims laws health information privacy and security laws, and other health care laws and regulations. If we are unable to comply, or have not fully complied, with such laws, we could face substantial penalties.
We are subject to applicable fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the U.S. federal False Claims Act, or FCA, which may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we sell, market and distribute BTX’s products. In particular, the promotion, sales and marketing of healthcare items and services, as well as
 
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certain business arrangements in the healthcare industry (e.g., healthcare providers, physicians and third-party payers), are subject to extensive laws designed to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self- dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, structuring and commission(s), certain customer incentive programs and other business arrangements generally. We also may be subject to patient information and privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. The applicable federal, state and foreign healthcare laws and regulations laws that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:
 
   
the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe or rebate), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce, or in return for, the purchase, lease, order, arrangement, or recommendation of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation. Violations are subject to civil and criminal fines and penalties for each violation, plus up to three times the remuneration involved, imprisonment, and exclusion from government healthcare programs. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act or federal civil money penalties. On December 2, 2020, the Office of Inspector General, or OIG, published further modifications to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute. Under the final rules, OIG added safe harbor protections under the Anti-Kickback Statute for certain coordinated care and value-based arrangements among clinicians, providers, and others. This rule (with exceptions) became effective January 19, 2021. Implementation of this change is currently under review by the Biden administration and may be amended or repealed. We continue to evaluate what effect, if any, the rule will have on our business;
 
   
the federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, such as the federal False Claims Act, which impose criminal and civil penalties and authorize civil whistleblower or qui tam actions, against individuals or entities for, among other things: knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, to the federal government, claims for payment that are false or fraudulent; knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false statement of record material to a false or fraudulent claim or obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the federal government or knowingly concealing or knowingly and improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation to pay money to the federal government. A person can be held liable under the federal False Claims Act even when they do not submit claims directly to government payers if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims. The federal False Claims Act also permits a private individual acting as a “whistleblower” to bring actions on behalf of the federal government alleging violations of the federal False Claims Act and to share in any monetary recovery;
 
   
the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which created new federal criminal statutes that prohibit a person from knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody or control of, any healthcare benefit program, regardless of the payer (e.g., public or private) and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statements or representations in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services relating to healthcare matters; similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation;
 
   
HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or HITECH and their respective implementing regulations, including the Final Omnibus Rule
 
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published in January 2013, which impose requirements on certain covered healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses as well as their respective business associates, independent contractors or agents of covered entities, that perform services for them that involve the creation, maintenance, receipt, use, or disclosure of, individually identifiable health information relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. HITECH also created new tiers of civil monetary penalties, amended HIPAA to make civil and criminal penalties directly applicable to business associates, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, there may be additional federal, state and
non-U.S.
laws which govern the privacy and security of health and other personal information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts;
 
   
The U.S. federal transparency requirements under the ACA, including the provision commonly referred to as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, and its implementing regulations, which requires applicable manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to report annually to CMS, information related to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by the physicians described above and their immediate family members. Effective January 1, 2022, these reporting obligations will extend to include transfers of value made to certain
non-physician
providers such as physician assistants and nurse practitioners;
 
   
federal government price reporting laws, which require us to calculate and report complex pricing metrics in an accurate and timely manner to government programs;
 
   
federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers;
 
   
Additionally, we are subject to state and foreign equivalents of each of the healthcare laws and regulations described above, among others, some of which may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of the payer. Many U.S. states have adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and False Claims Act, and may apply to our business practices, including, but not limited to, research, distribution, sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by
non-governmental
payers, including private insurers. Several states also impose other marketing restrictions or require medical device manufacturers to make marketing or price disclosures to the state. State and foreign laws, including for example the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, which became effective May 2018 also govern the privacy and security of health information in some circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts. There are ambiguities as to what is required to comply with these state requirements and if we fail to comply with an applicable state law requirement we could be subject to penalties. Finally, there are state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.
Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and safe harbors available, it is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge and may not comply under one or more of such laws, regulations, and guidance. Law enforcement authorities are increasingly focused on enforcing fraud and abuse laws, and it is possible that some of our practices may be challenged under these laws. Efforts to ensure that our current and future business arrangements with third parties, and our business generally, will comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. If our operations, including our arrangements with physicians and other healthcare providers are found to be in violation of any of such laws or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including, without limitation, administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines,
 
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disgorgement, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs (such as Medicare and Medicaid), and imprisonment, as well as additional reporting obligations and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or other agreement to resolve allegations of
non-compliance
with these laws, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.
We are subject to data privacy and security laws and regulations governing our collection, use, disclosure, or storage of personally identifiable information, including protected health information and payment card data, which may impose restrictions on us and our operations and subject us to penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.
Numerous federal and state laws and regulations govern the collection, use, disclosure, storage and transmission of personally identifiable information, including protected health information. These laws and regulations, including their interpretation by governmental agencies, are subject to frequent change and could have a negative impact on our business. In addition, in the future, industry requirements or guidance, contractual obligations, and/or legislation at both the federal and the state level may limit, forbid or regulate the use or transmission of health information outside of the United States. These varying interpretations can create complex compliance issues for us and our partners and potentially expose us to additional expense, adverse publicity and liability, any of which could adversely affect our business.
Federal and state consumer protection laws are increasingly being applied by the United States Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and states’ attorneys general to regulate the collection, use, storage and disclosure of personal or personally identifiable information, through websites or otherwise, and to regulate the presentation of website content.
The security measures that we and our third-party vendors and subcontractors have in place to ensure compliance with privacy and data protection laws may not protect our facilities and systems from security breaches, acts of vandalism or theft, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and human errors or other similar events. Even though we provide for appropriate protections through our agreements with our third party vendors, we still have limited control over their actions and practices. A breach of privacy or security of personally identifiable health information may result in an enforcement action, including criminal and civil liability, against us. We are not able to predict the extent of the impact such incidents may have on our business. Enforcement actions against us could be costly and could interrupt regular operations, which may adversely affect our business. While we have not received any notices of violation of the applicable privacy and data protection laws and believe we are in compliance with such laws, there can be no assurance that we will not receive such notices in the future.
There is ongoing concern from privacy advocates, regulators and others regarding data privacy and security issues, and the number of jurisdictions with data privacy and security laws has been increasing. Also, there are ongoing public policy discussions regarding whether the standards for
de-identification,
anonymization or pseudonymization of health information are sufficient, and the risk of
re-identification
sufficiently small, to adequately protect patient privacy. We expect that there will continue to be new proposed and amended laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the United States, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which went into effect on January 1, 2020 and has been amended several times. Further, a new California privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA, was passed by California voters on November 3, 2020. The CPRA will create additional obligations with respect to processing and storing personal information that are scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2023 (with certain provisions having retroactive effect to January 1, 2022). Other U.S. states also are considering omnibus privacy legislation and industry organizations regularly adopt and advocate for new standards in these areas. While the CCPA and CPRA contains an exceptions for certain activities involving PHI under HIPAA, we cannot yet determine the impact the CCPA, CPRA or other such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business.
 
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Future laws, regulations, standards, obligations amendments, and changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and obligations could impair our or our clients’ ability to collect, use or disclose information relating to patients or consumers, including information derived therefrom, which could decrease demand for our Platform, increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our client base and increase our revenue. Accordingly, we may find it necessary or desirable to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or to expend significant resources to modify our software or platform and otherwise adapt to these changes.
Further, our patients may expect us to comply with more stringent privacy and data security requirements than those imposed by laws, regulations or self-regulatory requirements, and we may be obligated contractually to comply with additional or different standards relating to our handling or protection of data.
Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with federal or state laws or regulations, industry standards or other legal obligations, or any actual or suspected privacy or security incident, whether or not resulting in unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other data, may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our clients to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. We may be unable to make such changes and modifications in a commercially reasonable manner or at all, and our ability to develop new products could be limited. Any of these developments could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Privacy and data security concerns, whether valid or not valid, may inhibit retention of our Platform by existing clients or adoption of our Platform by new clients.
Healthcare legislative reform measures and constraints on national budget social security systems may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the health care system that could impact our ability to sell BTX’s products profitably. In particular, in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or collectively, the ACA, was enacted, which, among other things, addressed a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled, infused, instilled, implanted or injected; increased the minimum Medicaid rebates owed by most manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program; extended the Medicaid Drug Rebate program to utilization of prescriptions of individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations; subjected manufacturers to new annual fees and taxes for certain branded prescription drugs; created a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% (increased to 70% pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, effective as of January 1, 2019)
point-of-sale
discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D; and provided incentives to programs that increase the federal government’s comparative effectiveness research.
Since its enactment, there have been numerous judicial, administrative, executive, and legislative challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and we expect there will be additional challenges and amendments to the ACA in the future. For example, various portions of the ACA are currently undergoing legal and constitutional challenges in the United States Supreme Court. Additionally, the Trump Administration has issued various Executive Orders which eliminated cost sharing subsidies and various provisions that would impose a fiscal burden on states or a cost, fee, tax, penalty or regulatory burden on individuals, healthcare providers, health insurers, or manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or medical devices and Congress has introduced several pieces of legislation aimed at significantly revising or repealing the ACA. Further, on December 20, 2019, President Trump signed into law the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 1865), which repeals the Cadillac tax, the health insurance provider tax, and the medical device excise tax. It is unclear whether the ACA will be overturned, repealed, replaced, or further amended. We cannot predict what affect further changes to the ACA would have on our business, especially given the new administration.
 
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Other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. In August 2011, the Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, created measures for spending reductions by Congress. A Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, tasked with recommending a targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, was unable to reach required goals, thereby triggering the legislation’s automatic reduction to several government programs. This includes aggregate reductions of Medicare payments to providers up to 2% per fiscal year, and, due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2030 unless additional Congressional action is taken. Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, also known as the CARES Act, as well as subsequent legislation, these reductions have been suspended from May 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021 due to the
COVID-19
pandemic. Proposed legislation, if passed, would extend this suspension until the end of the pandemic.
There has been increasing legislative and enforcement interest in the United States with respect to prescription pricing practices. Specifically, there have been several recent U.S. Congressional inquiries and proposed federal and state legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, reduce the cost of prescription drugs under Medicare, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drugs. The HHS has already started the process of soliciting feedback on some of these measures and, at the same time, is immediately implementing others under its existing authority. It is unclear what effect such legislative and enforcement interest may have on prescription devices. Further, it is unclear whether the Biden administration will challenge, reverse, revoke or otherwise modify the prior administration’s executive and administrative actions after January 20, 2021.
We expect that these and other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage criteria and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved device, which could have an adverse effect on patients for BTX’s product candidates. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payers.
There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the foreign, federal and state levels in the U.S. directed at broadening the availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize BTX’s products. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenue from product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition and ability to develop product candidates. If we or any third parties we may engage are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we or such third parties are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, our current or any future product candidates we may develop may lose any regulatory approval that may have been obtained and we may not achieve or sustain profitability.
Our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial collaborators, principal investigators, vendors and other agents may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including
non-compliance
with regulatory standards and requirements.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial collaborators, principal investigators, vendors and other agents may engage in fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorized activities to us that violates applicable regulations, including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to regulatory agencies, manufacturing standards and U.S. federal and state healthcare laws and regulations. In particular, sales, marketing and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. We could face liability under the U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute and similar U.S. state
 
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laws. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, referrals, customer incentive programs and other business arrangements. Misconduct by these parties could also involve the improper use of individually identifiable information, including, without limitation, information obtained in the course of clinical trials, which could result in significant regulatory sanctions and serious harm to our reputation. Further, should violations include promotion of unapproved
(off-label)
uses one or more of BTX’s products, we could face significant regulatory sanctions for unlawful promotion, as well as substantial penalties under the FCA, and similar state laws. Similar concerns could exist in jurisdictions outside of the United States as well. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations. The precautions we take to detect and prevent misconduct may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, imprisonment, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, additional reporting requirements and oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or similar agreement to resolve allegations of noncompliance with these laws, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Legal and Regulatory Environment
Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the FCPA and other anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-money laundering laws in the jurisdictions in which we do business, both domestic and abroad. These laws generally prohibit us and our employees from improperly influencing government officials or commercial parties in order to obtain or retain business, direct business to any person or gain any improper advantage. The FCPA and similar applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws also prohibit our third-party business partners, representatives and agents from engaging in corruption and bribery. We and our third-party business partners, representatives and agents may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. These laws also require that we keep accurate books and records and maintain internal controls and compliance procedures designed to prevent any such actions. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure you that our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies or applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. Our exposure for violating these laws will increase as we expand internationally and as we commence sales and operations in foreign jurisdictions. Any violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption laws and anti- money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, imposition of significant legal fees, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, substantial diversion of management’s attention, drop in stock price or overall adverse consequences to our business, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
 
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Risks Related to the Business Combination
Management’s focus and resources may be diverted from operational matters and other strategic opportunities as a result of the Business Combination.
The Business Combination may place a significant burden on our management and other internal resources. The diversion of management’s attention and any difficulties encountered in the transition process could harm our financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, uncertainty about the effect of the Business Combination on our systems, employees, customers, partners, and other third parties, including regulators, may have an adverse effect on us. These uncertainties may impair our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel for a period of time after the completion of the Business Combination.
We will incur significant increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company, which could have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a public company, we will face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, the PCAOB and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. Compliance with public company requirements will increase costs and make certain activities more time-consuming. A number of those requirements will require us to carry out activities we have not done previously. In addition, additional expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements will be incurred. Furthermore, if any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, if the auditors identify a material weakness or significant deficiency in the internal control over financial reporting), we could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of it. It may also be more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance. Risks associated with our status as a public company may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on the board of directors or as executive officers. The additional reporting and other obligations imposed by these rules and regulations will increase legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, accounting and administrative activities. These increased costs will require us to divert a significant amount of money that could otherwise be used to expand the business and achieve strategic objectives. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs.
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” and as a “smaller reporting company”, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, which could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance to the performance of other public companies.
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible for and intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as it continues to be an emerging growth company, including (i) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) the exemptions
from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute
voting requirements and (iii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements. we will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of the shares of its common stock that are held
by non-affiliates exceeds
$700 million as of June 30 of that fiscal year, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which it has total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more during such fiscal year, (iii) the date on which it has issued more than $1 billion
in non-convertible debt
in the prior three-year period or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth
 
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anniversary of the date of the first sale of its common stocks in its IPO. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as we are an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We may elect not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we may not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Investors may find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions, which may result in a less active trading market for our common stock and its stock price may be more volatile.
We are also a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million as of the prior June 30 and our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company after this offering if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million as of the prior June 30 or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million as of the prior June 30. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and take advantage of reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.
If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in the market price of our stock.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, we are required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we are engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. We identified a material weakness our internal control over financial reporting related to the inaccurate accounting for the value of shares to be issued to the underwriter at the closing of our IPO as well as inaccurate accounting for certain accrued expenses and prepaid expenses and the Company’s restatement of its financial statements to reclassify all redeemable equity instruments to temporary equity from permanent equity. Up to and including the third fiscal quarter of 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. We have implemented a remediation plan, described under Part I, Item 4, Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures of our Form 10-Q for the third quarter of 2021, to remediate the material weakness but can give no assurance that the measures we have taken will prevent any future material weaknesses or deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting. Even though we believe we have strengthened our controls and procedures, in the future those controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our financial statements.
 
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The unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus may not be indicative of what our actual financial position or results of operations would have been.
The unaudited pro forma financial information in this prospectus is presented for illustrative purposes only and has been prepared based on a number of assumptions. Accordingly, such pro forma financial information may not be indicative of our future operating or financial performance and our actual financial condition and results of operations may vary materially from our pro forma results of operations and balance sheet contained elsewhere in this prospectus, including as a result of such assumptions not being accurate. Additionally, the final acquisition accounting adjustments could differ materially from the unaudited pro forma adjustments presented in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not give effect to any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may be associated with the Business Combination. See “
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information
.”
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
Our executive chairman of the board of directors, David Perry, and our chief executive officer, president and director, Kevin Appelbaum, together will have significant influence over us after completion of the Business Combination.
As of October 28, 2021, Mr. Perry and Mr. Appelbaum own, collectively, approximately 56.1% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As long as such persons each own or control a significant percentage of outstanding voting power, they will have the ability to strongly influence all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and the size of our board of directors, any amendment of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or the approval of any merger or other significant corporate transaction, including a sale of substantially all of our assets. Some of these persons or entities may have interests different than yours. For example, because many of these stockholders purchased their shares at prices substantially below the price at which shares are being sold in this transaction and have held their shares for a longer period, they may be more interested in selling the company to an acquirer than other investors or they may want BTX to pursue strategies that deviate from the interests of other stockholders.
Delaware law and BTX’s Governing Documents contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions, that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
The Governing Documents and the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by the BTX Board and therefore depress the trading price of our Common Stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of the BTX board of directors or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. Among other things, the Governing Documents include provisions regarding:
 
   
the ability of the BTX Board to issue shares of preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;.
 
   
the limitation of the liability, and indemnification of BTX’s directors and officers;
 
   
a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders after such date and could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a stockholder proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
 
   
the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by a majority of the entire BTX Board, which could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
 
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controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of board of directors and stockholder meetings;
 
   
the ability of the BTX Board to amend the bylaws, which may allow the BTX Board to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and
 
   
advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to the BTX Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the BTX Board, and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of BTX.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in the BTX Board or management.
Our amended and restated bylaws designate specific courts as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
Pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for state law claims for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees to us or our stockholders; (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws (including the interpretation, validity or enforceability thereof); or (4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. We refer to this provision in our bylaws as the Delaware Forum Provision. The Delaware Forum Provision will not apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Our amended and restated bylaws further provide that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. We refer to this provision in our bylaws as the Federal Forum Provision. In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the Delaware Forum Provision and the Federal Forum Provision; provided, however, that stockholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
The Delaware Forum Provision and the Federal Forum Provision in our bylaws may impose additional litigation costs on stockholders in pursuing any such claims. Additionally, these forum selection clauses may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that they find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage the filing of lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees, even though an action, if successful, might benefit our stockholders. In addition, while the Delaware Supreme Court ruled in March 2020 that federal forum selection provisions purporting to require claims under the Securities Act be brought in federal court are “facially valid” under Delaware law, there is uncertainty as to whether other courts will enforce our Federal Forum Provision. If the Federal Forum Provision is found to be unenforceable, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters. The Federal Forum Provision may also impose additional litigation costs on stockholders who assert that the provision is not enforceable or invalid. The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our stockholders.
 
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Risks Related to Our Common Stock
An active trading market for our common stock may never develop or be sustained, which may make it difficult to sell the shares of our common stock you purchase.
An active trading market for our common stock may not develop or continue or, if developed, may not be sustained, which would make it difficult for you to sell your shares of our common stock at an attractive price (or at all). The market price of our common stock may decline below your purchase price, and you may not be able to sell your shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid for such shares (or at all).
There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq.
If Nasdaq delists our shares of common stock from trading on its exchange for failure to meet Nasdaq’s listing standards, we and our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences including:
 
   
a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;
 
   
reduced liquidity for our securities;
 
   
a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;
 
   
a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
 
   
a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The price of our common stock may be volatile.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:
 
   
changes in the industries in which BTX and its customers operate;
 
   
variations in its operating performance and the performance of its competitors in general;
 
   
material and adverse impact of
the COVID-19 pandemic
on the markets and the broader global economy;
 
   
actual or anticipated fluctuations in BTX’s quarterly or annual operating results;
 
   
publication of research reports by securities analysts about BTX or its competitors or its industry;
 
   
the public’s reaction to BTX’s press releases, its other public announcements and its filings with the SEC;
 
   
BTX’s failure or the failure of its competitors to meet analysts’ projections or guidance that BTX or its competitors may give to the market;
 
   
additions and departures of key personnel;
 
   
changes in laws and regulations affecting its business;
 
   
commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving BTX;
 
   
changes in BTX’s capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;
 
   
the volume of shares of our Common Stock available for public sale; and
 
   
general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, foreign currency fluctuations, international tariffs, social, political and economic risks and acts of war or terrorism.
These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our Common Stock regardless of our operating performance.
 
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Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from our actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading volume of our common shares.
Securities research analysts may establish and publish their own periodic projections for BTX. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, our share price or trading volume could decline.
A significant portion of our total outstanding shares are restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Common Stock. Although certain stockholders will be subject to certain restrictions regarding the transfer of our Common Stock, these shares may be sold after the expiration of the
lock-up.
As restrictions on resale end and the registration statements are available for use, the market price of our Common Stock could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.
Our issuance of additional capital stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our stock incentive plans or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.
We expect to issue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We expect to grant equity awards to employees, directors, and consultants under our stock incentive plans. We may also raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products, or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional capital stock may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our common stock to decline.
Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors. Our board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash, current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiary to us and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, the terms of our loan agreement with Hercueles Capital restrict our ability to pay cash dividends. Accordingly, we may not pay any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Future offerings of debt or equity securities by us may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to obtain financing or to further increase our capital resources by issuing additional shares of our common stock or offering debt or other equity securities, including commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes, debt securities convertible into equity or shares of preferred stock. Future acquisitions could require substantial additional capital in excess of cash from operations. We would expect to obtain the capital required for acquisitions through a combination of additional issuances of equity, corporate indebtedness and/or cash from operations.
 
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Issuing additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities or securities convertible into equity may dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock or both. Upon liquidation, holders of such debt securities and preferred shares, if issued, and lenders with respect to other borrowings would receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Debt securities convertible into equity could be subject to adjustments in the conversion ratio pursuant to which certain events may increase the number of equity securities issuable upon conversion. Preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distributions or a preference with respect to dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, which may adversely affect the amount, timing and nature of our future offerings.
 
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USE OF PROCEEDS
All of the shares of common stock offered by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Stockholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales.
 
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the growth and development of our business. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We do not intend to pay cash dividends to our stockholders in the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our loan agreement with Hercules Capital preclude us from paying dividends. Investors should not purchase our common stock with the expectation of receiving cash dividends.
Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information present the combination of the financial information of MCAD and BTX adjusted to give effect to the Business Combination
Introduction
BTX is providing the following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information to assist in your analysis and evaluation of the Business Combination.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2021 gives pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had been consummated as of that date. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operation for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and twelve months ended December 31, 2020 give pro forma effect to the Business Combination, summarized below, as if it had occurred as of January 1, 2020, the beginning of the earliest period presented:
 
   
The merger of BTX with and into Merger Sub, a wholly owned subsidiary of MCAD, with BTX surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of MCAD;
 
   
The conversion of 1,066,667 shares of BTX Series Seed Preferred Stock and 4,999,807 shares of BTX Series A Preferred Stock into 5,748,150 shares of the Company’s Common Stock;
 
   
The conversion of 4,306,453 shares of BTX common stock issued upon the conversion of BTX SAFEs into 4,080,482 shares of the Company’s Common Stock;
 
   
The redemption of 4,826,260 shares of MCAD common stock by MCAD public shareholders who elected to have their shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination for an aggregate redemption price of $48.3 million;
 
   
The issuance and sale of 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock for $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $50.0 million in the PIPE Financing pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, executed concurrently with the Merger Agreement;
This information should be read together with BTX’s and MCAD’s respective audited financial statements and related notes, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of MCAD,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of BTX” and other financial information incorporated in this Prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2021 has been prepared using the following:
 
   
BTX’s unaudited historical balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, as incorporated in this Prospectus; and
 
   
MCAD’s unaudited restated historical balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, as incorporated in this Prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operation for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2020 have been prepared using the following:
 
   
BTX’s unaudited historical statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as incorporated in this Prospectus; and
 
   
MCAD’s unaudited restated historical statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as incorporated in this Prospectus.
 
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BTX’s audited historical statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020, as incorporated in this Prospectus; and
 
   
MCAD’s audited historical statement of operations for the period from July 31, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, as incorporated in this Prospectus.
Description of the Transactions
On April 6, 2021, MCAD entered into the Merger Agreement with Merger Sub and BTX. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the closing of the transactions contemplated thereby, Merger Sub merged with and into BTX with BTX surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of MCAD. In addition, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, MCAD was renamed “Better Therapeutics, Inc.”
Under the Merger Agreement, MCAD acquired all of the outstanding BTX shares for approximately $151.7 million in aggregate consideration, comprising (i) 15,000,000 shares of MCAD’s Common Stock, based on a price of $10.00 per share, and (ii) 174,729 shares with respect to the expected Net Debt Adjustment for BTX debt based on a price of $10.00 per share. The number of shares in the Merger Consideration issuable were subject to adjustment at a rate of one share of MCAD Common Stock for each $10.00 increment of Net Debt (as defined in the Merger Agreement). The common stock price of $10.00 per share is used here for illustrative purposes and won’t have an impact on the accounting for the transactions as the transactions will be accounted for as reverse capitalizations.
In connection with the Merger, MCAD entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreement”) dated as of April 6, 2020, with certain institutional and accredited investors, pursuant to which, among other things, MCAD agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination, an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock for $10.00 per share (the “PIPE Shares”). The Subscription Agreement provides for certain registration rights to the purchasers of the PIPE Shares.
The BTX stock options were assumed by MCAD and automatically converted into an option to purchase such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (x) the number of shares of BTX stock subject to the stock option, and (y) the Exchange Ratio as described below, with the exercise price per share of the assumed option equal to the quotient by dividing the exercise price per share by the Exchange Ratio. The outstanding BTX restricted stock awards were converted into such number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (x) the number of shares of BTX restricted stock, and (y) the Exchange Ratio. Each assumed restricted stock award will continue to be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the applicable restricted stock agreement.
Accounting for the Merger
The Merger will be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, MCAD, who is the legal acquirer, will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes and BTX will be treated as the accounting acquirer. This determination was primarily based on BTX having a majority of the voting power of the post-combination company, BTX’s senior management comprising substantially all of the senior management of the post- combination company, the relative size of BTX compared to MCAD, and BTX’s operations comprising the ongoing operations of the post-combination company. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger will be treated as the equivalent of a capital transaction in which BTX is issuing stock for the net assets of MCAD. The net assets of MCAD will be stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Merger will be those of Better Therapeutic.
 
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Basis of Pro Forma Presentation
The historical financial information has been adjusted to give pro forma effect to include adjustments which reflect the accounting required by GAAP. The adjustments presented on the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements have been identified and presented to provide relevant information necessary for an accurate understanding of the transaction, PIPE financing, and other adjustments for the post- combination company upon consummation of the Business Combination.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is for illustrative purposes only. The financial results may have been different had the companies always been combined. You should not rely on the unaudited pro forma combined financial information as being indicative of the historical financial position and results that would have been achieved had the companies always been combined or the future financial position and results that the post-combination company will experience. BTX and MCAD have not had any historical relationship prior to the Business Combination. Accordingly, no pro forma adjustments were required to eliminate activities between the companies.
The MCAD common stock comprises a combination of redeemable and non-redeemable shares. Historical net loss per share has been presented on a two-class basis to present the net loss per share for each of the redeemable and non-redeemable shares. Subsequent to the closing of the Business Combination, BTX will have no redeemable shares outstanding and therefore net loss per share has only been presented for the non-redeemable class of common stock for the pro forma net loss per share.
Included in the shares outstanding and weighted-average shares outstanding as presented in the pro forma combined financial statements are 15,174,729 shares of MCAD Common Stock that were issued to Better Therapeutic stockholders. Refer to the Net Loss Per Share table below.
As a result of the Business Combination and immediately following the closing of the Business Combination, current stockholders of BTX own approximately 64% of the outstanding Combined Entity common stock, the PIPE Investors own approximately 21% of the outstanding Combined Entity common stock, MCAD’s Sponsor, officer, directors and other holders of founder shares own approximately 8% of the Combined Entity common stock and the former stockholders of MCAD own approximately 7% of the outstanding Combined Entity common stock as of September 30, 2021 (in each case, not giving effect to any shares issuable to them upon exercise of rights or options). As a result, current stockholders of BTX, as a group, will collectively own more shares of Combined Entity common stock than any single stockholder following consummation of the Business Combination with no current stockholder of MCAD owning more than 10% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Combined Entity .
 
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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
As of September 30, 2021
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
    
As of Sept 30, 2021
             
As of Sept 30,
2021
 
    
MCAD

(Historical
Adjusted)
   
Better Tx

(Historical)
   
Pro Forma

Adjustments
       
Pro Forma

Combined
 
ASSETS
          
Current Assets:
          
Cash and cash equivalents
   $ 249     $ 3,232     $ 42,673     (A)   $ 46,154  
Prepaid expenses
     43       268       —           311  
Deferred offering costs
     —         1,904       (1,904   (A)     —    
Other current assets
     —         214       —           214  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
 
Total current assets
     292       5,618       40,769         46,679  
Capitalized software development costs
     —         5,114       —           5,114  
Cash held in Trust Account
     57,506       —         (57,506   (B)     —    
Property and equipment, net
     —         61       —           61  
Other long-term assets
     —         206       —           206  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
 
Total Assets
  
$
57,798
 
 
$
10,999
 
 
$
(16,737
   
$
52,060
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
 
LIABILITIES, CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED UNITS/STOCK, AND MEMBER’S/STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
          
Current liabilities:
          
Accounts payable
   $ —       $ 3,357     $ —         $ 3,357  
Accrued payroll
     —         20       —           20  
Other accrued expenses
     244       1,542       (1,904   (A)     (118
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
 
Total current liabilities
     244       4,919       (1,904       3,259  
Deferred underwriting payable
     2,013       —         (2,013   (C)     —    
Long-term debt
     —         —         —           —    
Deferred tax liability
     —         —         —           —    
Simple Agreements for Future Equity
     —         39,194       (39,194   (D)     —    
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
 
Total liabilities
     2,257       44,113       (43,111       3,259